NEW YORK - At the United States Federal Reserve's meeting on Wednesday, alongside warnings of pain to come, policymakers sketched out a hopeful scenario in which they are able to reduce inflation gently, while the economy, albeit weakening, remains resilient.

Not everyone in the market agrees.

In particular, traders and analysts who follow the direction of interest rates closely said that they were bracing themselves for a more dire outcome than the Fed had projected.

"The market thinks the Fed's economic forecasts are an unrealistic fantasy," said Mr Mark Cabana, head of US rates strategy at Bank of America.

Interest rate traders have been bruised this year as the Fed's outlook for inflation and interest rates has repeatedly been upended by reality.

The central bank raised interest rates this week by three-quarters of a percentage point - its third such increase since June.

The Fed's policy rate is now the highest it has been since 2008, well above forecasts at the start of the year.

And policymakers predict it will move even higher as the central bank escalates its campaign to lower stubbornly high inflation.

After the Fed announced its decision, traders responded swiftly, adjusting prices across an array of interest rate markets like government bonds and futures to reflect the new higher path.

But that is where the market's alignment with the central bank ended.

Instead, market prices are reflecting what many analysts expect to happen. Although the Fed does not forecast lowering interest rates until 2024 at the earliest, analysts are betting that the central bank will have to do so next year.

The belief is that the Fed's aggressive rate increases will tip the US economy into a recession, slashing economic growth and dragging down inflation faster than the central bank predicts.

That in turn is likely to force the Fed to shift its focus from fighting inflation and begin cutting interest rates by the end of next year to support an ailing economy.

"The market thinks the economy will slow faster than the Fed does," Mr Cabana said. "The market thinks that will slow inflation faster than the Fed does. And the market thinks that will cause the Fed to pivot from tackling inflation to stimulating growth."

Stocks plummeted on Friday, recording a second straight week of losses, as investors yanked US$4 billion (S$5.7 billion) out of funds that buy US shares over a seven-day period ending Wednesday, according to EPFR Global, a data provider.

Higher interest rates increase costs for companies and consumers, typically weighing on stock prices.

And the Fed was not the only central bank to lift interest rates this week, with policymakers across Europe and Asia moving in tandem.

"We will likely end up in a worse economic situation than the Fed is currently projecting," said BlackRock managing director Kate Moore.

In particular, analysts said the Fed's expectation of accelerating economic growth next year, rising to 1.2 per cent from a forecast 0.2 per cent for 2022, was incongruous with such sharply higher interest rates.

Analysts at Barclays said the growth projection was "difficult to reconcile" with slowing spending and the "intensifying drag from tightening financial conditions".

As higher rates raise costs for companies, spending falls, hiring slows, and unemployment rises.

The Fed hopes that it can simply extinguish job openings without significantly raising unemployment.

Yet some analysts doubt that the unemployment rate will be able to stay as low as the Fed's projected 4.4 per cent at the end of next year.

TD Bank forecasts 4.8 per cent unemployment at the end of next year. Bank of America expects 5.6 per cent.

Their worse economic outlook means analysts expect inflation to fall more quickly, with a recession cutting consumer and business demand faster than a milder slowdown.

That also paves the way for the Fed to cut interest rates to support the economy, something it has said it will do only once it is confident inflation is headed back to its target of 2 per cent.

Futures prices currently forecast a rate of around 4.5 per cent at the end of 2023, down from a peak of around 4.7 per cent earlier in the year and implying a single quarter-point cut in the back half of the year.

Yet not everyone agrees with what the market is pricing in.

Goldman Sachs' forecasts align closely with the Fed's, and the bank's analysts predict interest rates will remain elevated throughout next year, with inflation proving difficult to contain.

New York Life Investments economist Lauren Goodwin said she also expected inflation to remain too far away from the Fed's long-standing target of 2 per cent for the central bank to consider cutting interest rates.

Instead, Ms Goodwin said, it is the market's hope for lower rates that is "optimistic and I think too optimistic".

Part of the challenge for the Fed is forecasting precisely how rate increases will impact the economy with so many other global forces at play.

On top of the actions of other central banks, Russia's war with Ukraine continues to have an impact on food and energy prices, even as the supply chain constraints that fuelled inflation during the Covid-19 pandemic remain, and some emerging economies are on the verge of crises.

Members of the Fed committee that sets monetary policy have acknowledged such uncertainty.

In their forecasts, they are asked to "indicate your judgment of the uncertainty attached to your projections relative to the levels of uncertainty over the past 20 years", with the anonymous answers required to be a binary choice between higher or lower.

All participants, across all forecasts - gross domestic product, inflation and unemployment - responded "higher", the first time that has happened since March 2020 and the onset of the coronavirus crisis.

"We don't know - no one knows - whether this process will lead to a recession or, if so, how significant that recession would be," said Fed chair Jerome Powell on Wednesday. NYTIMES