CAIRO - Egypt is preparing to spend billions doubling the size of a lavish new capital it is building in the desert 45km east of Cairo, where the first residents are trickling in, the head of the company overseeing the project said.

The city is the biggest of a series of mega projects that President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi says are needed for economic development and to accommodate a growing population of 105 million, but which critics say divert resources and increase Egypt's debt burden.

Government employees transferred in July to ministries and offices built in the new city's first phase, eight years after the launch of the project known as the New Administrative Capital.

"We have almost 48,000 employees coming every day," Mr Khaled Abbas, chairman of the Administrative Capital for Urban Development (ACUD), told Reuters.

Built on virgin land, the city is designed to serve as a high-tech model for Egypt's future away from the clutter and chaos of Cairo.

The government wants it to absorb part of the country’s population, which is growing by an estimated 1.6 per cent a year.

Though the pace of works appears to have slowed recently, phase one of the city already includes a 70-storey tower – the tallest in Africa, an opera house with five halls, a mega mosque and the Middle East's biggest cathedral.

An electric train from eastern Cairo began operating last spring and an elevated monorail is due to start from the second quarter of 2024, Mr Abbas said.

Up to 100,000 housing units have been finished and 1,200 families have moved in, he added.

Major banks and other businesses will move their headquarters by the first quarter of 2024.

ACUD is poised to appoint a consultant to draw up a masterplan for the capital's second, third and fourth phases, Mr Abbas said.

Phases one and two will each have a projected 1.5 million residents, and each will cover 40,000 feddans, or 168 sq km. Work on phase one should run from later in 2024 until 2027.

"We have lots of demand now. That's why we have to start immediately on phase two. If there is the demand, then after a year, or something like that, we can work on phase three," Mr Abbas said.

Landscaping has also begun on an irrigated, 10km-long park, dubbed the "Green River".

A plant near the Cairo suburb of Maadi will send 800,000 cubic m per day of scarce Nile water, starting in two years. A second, 700,000 cubic m plant is planned. Together, the two will consume roughly 1 per cent of Egypt's share of the Nile's water.

ACUD hopes to inaugurate a giant sports area, the Olympic City, with a 93,000-seat stadium, by the second quarter, Mr Abbas said.

ACUD, owned 51 per cent by the military and 49 per cent by the Housing Ministry, spent 500 billion Egyptian pounds on phase-one infrastructure and buildings, he said.

That works out to about US$16 billion (S$21 billion) at the current exchange rate, or US$32 billion before Egypt began a series of devaluations in March 2022.

Second-phase infrastructure will cost another 250 billion to 300 billion pounds, Mr Abbas said.

In 2019, his predecessor put the price tag for the new capital at US$58 billion.

Egypt's finances have come under strain from an overvalued currency, a decline in remittances, and surging debt repayment costs after heavy overseas borrowing.

To help with costs, ACUD plans to float 5 per cent to 10 per cent of its shares on the stock exchange by the end of 2024 in a sale that could raise 150 billion to 200 billion pounds, Mr Abbas said.

"In six months, we will be ready to take the decision to go to the stock market," he said. REUTERS