NEW YORK – Apps and websites that use artificial intelligence (AI) to undress women in photographs are soaring in popularity, according to researchers. In September alone, 24 million people visited undressing websites, according to the social network analysis company Graphika.
Many of these undressing, or “nudify”, services use popular social networks for marketing, according to Graphika. For instance, since the beginning of 2023, the number of links advertising undressing apps increased more than 2,400 per cent on social media, including on X – formerly known as Twitter – and Reddit, the researchers said. The services use AI to recreate an image so that the person is nude. Many of the services work only on women.
These apps are part of a worrying trend of non-consensual pornography being developed and distributed because of advances in artificial intelligence – a type of fabricated media known as deepfake pornography. Its proliferation runs into serious legal and ethical hurdles, as the images are often taken from social media and distributed without the consent, control or knowledge of the subject.
One image posted to X advertising an undressing app used language that suggests customers could create nude images and then send them to the person whose image was digitally undressed, inciting harassment. One of the apps, meanwhile, has paid for sponsored content on Google’s YouTube, and appears first when searching with the word “nudify”.
A Google spokesperson said the company does not allow ads “that contain sexually explicit content. We’ve reviewed the ads in question and are removing those that violate our policies”. Neither X nor Reddit responded to requests for comment.
Non-consensual pornography of public figures has long been a scourge of the Internet, but privacy experts are growing concerned that advances in AI technology have made deepfake software easier and more effective.
“We are seeing more and more of this being done by ordinary people with ordinary targets,” said Ms Eva Galperin, director of cyber security at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “You see it among high school children and people who are in college.”
Many victims never find out about the images, but even those who do may struggle to get law enforcement to investigate or to find funds to pursue legal action, Ms Galperin said.
There is currently no federal law banning the creation of deepfake pornography, though the US government does outlaw generation of these kinds of images of minors. In November, a North Carolina child psychiatrist was sentenced to 40 years in prison for using undressing apps on photos of his patients, the first prosecution of its kind under law banning deepfake generation of child sexual abuse material.
TikTok has blocked the keyword “undress” – a popular search term associated with the services – warning anyone searching for the word that it “may be associated with behaviour or content that violates our guidelines”, according to the app. A TikTok representative declined to elaborate. In response to questions, Meta Platforms also began blocking keywords associated with searching for undressing apps. A spokesperson declined to comment. BLOOMBERG
