SEOUL - South Korea has confirmed that its first military spy satellite had reached orbit after a successful SpaceX rocket launch and that communication was established with ground control.

Seoul’s reconnaissance satellite, carried by one of Mr Elon Musk’s SpaceX Falcon 9 rockets, intensifies a space race on the Korean peninsula after the North launched its own first military eye in the sky in November.

South Korea’s Defence Ministry said on Dec 2 its satellite reached orbit soon after the “KOREA”-emblazoned SpaceX rocket lifted off from the United States’ Vandenberg Space Force Base in California at 10.19am local time on Dec 1.

“The satellite was launched 0319 Seoul time and was successfully separated from projectile 11 minutes later and put into targeted orbital trajectory,” the ministry said in a statement.

“We have confirmed its communications with the ground command.”

Reaching orbit means that South Korea now has its first domestically built spy satellite to monitor nuclear-armed North Korea.

Seoul plans to launch four additional spy satellites by the end of 2025 to bolster its reconnaissance capacity over the North.

Set to orbit between 400km and 600km above Earth, Seoul’s satellite is capable of detecting an object as small as 30cm, according to Yonhap news agency. “Considering resolution and its capacity for Earth observation... our satellite technology ranks in the top five globally,” a Defence Ministry official said, as quoted by Yonhap.

The launch comes less than two weeks after Pyongyang successfully put its own spy satellite into orbit.

“Until now, South Korea has relied heavily on US-run spy satellites” when it comes to monitoring the North, military studies professor Choi Gi-il of Sangji University told AFP.

While the South has “succeeded in the launch of a military communications satellite, it has taken much longer for a reconnaissance satellite due to higher technological hurdles”, he said.

Following the North’s successful launch of its own spy satellite, Prof Choi said, “the South Korean government needs to demonstrate it can also pull this off”.

The nuclear-armed North’s launch drew international condemnation which the North Korean leader’s powerful sister, Ms Kim Yo Jong, called “absurd”, declaring that her country would never relinquish its space programme.

North Korea is barred by successive rounds of United Nations resolutions from tests using ballistic technology, and analysts say there is significant technological overlap between space launch capabilities and the development of ballistic missiles.

North Korea warned on Dec 2 it would “destroy” US spy satellites if Washington tries “any attack” on its space asset. A spokesman for the North’s Defence Ministry said it would consider such a move a “declaration of war”, according to a statement carried by the state-run Korean Central News Agency.

Experts have said that putting a working spy satellite into orbit would improve North Korea’s intelligence-gathering capabilities, particularly over the South, and provide crucial data in any military conflict.

Since last week’s launch, the North has claimed its new satellite has already provided images of major US and South Korean military sites – as well as photos of the Italian capital Rome. It has not yet disclosed any of the satellite imagery it claims to possess.

The North’s launch of “Malligyong-1” was Pyongyang’s third attempt at putting such a satellite in orbit, after two failures in May and August. Seoul has said the North received technical help from Moscow, in return for supplying weapons for use in Russia’s war with Ukraine. AFP