HONG KONG (BLOOMBERG) - Chinese funds with a climate focus more than doubled their assets last year, passing the US as the second-largest global market and bolstering Beijing's push to meet its net-zero targets.
China's fund assets grew to US$47 billion (S$65.3 billion) in 2021, a 149 per cent increase from the previous year sparked by record inflows and outperformance by the domestic clean energy sector, according to data from research firm Morningstar. In the United States, climate funds rose to US$31 billion, while Europe, by far the biggest market, almost doubled to US$325 billion.
"In the West, climate protection awareness is probably a main factor driving the growth," said Morningstar ESG analyst Boya Wang. "In China, it is largely driven by policy. After the government officially approved carbon neutrality and net-zero targets in 2021, we saw a mushrooming of all these new climate funds."
Investors in China added US$11.3 billion into climate-focused funds last year, almost double their 2020 level. They were richly rewarded. Chinese climate funds were up 15 per cent on average in the 12 months to April 2022, compared with a 7.2 per cent decline for US funds, according to Bloomberg calculations using Morningstar data.
One of the world's worst polluters, China has quickly pushed a chart-topping amount of private money towards its green ambitions, which include peak emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. In just a few years, it has become one of the biggest issuers of green bonds, green loans and other financial products designed to support those policy goals.
The push has benefited clean energy stocks and the funds that own them. It took less than 18 months for a pair of solar-focused funds - Huatai-PineBridge CSI Photovoltaic Industry ETF and Tianhong CSI Photovoltaic Industry Index Launched Fund - to rank among China's biggest climate funds. Companies like JA Solar Technology and Trina Solar contributed to the gains for China funds.
Another 53 climate-focused funds launched last year alone, with more than half of the new products focused on clean energy and tech.
How environmentally friendly these funds really are is hard to tell. Of the 106 China climate funds analysed by Morningstar, only 11 had sustainability ratings of "average" or higher. The rest were worse or unrated. Low ratings can reflect a number of environmental, social and governance factors, including transparency, which is generally less robust in China relative to Europe or the US.
"Whether this capital translates into long-term benefit for the low-carbon economic transition, I'm doubtful," Ms Wang said. Investments in green tech require stable, long-term capital inflows. Last year's gains were fuelled by retail investors, who make up 84 per cent of China's climate funds market, and who are often spooked by short-term volatility. Solar stocks, for example, have pared gains amid the recent global equity sell-off.
Investor enthusiasm in general may level off in China, tamped by ongoing lockdowns related to Covid-19 containment. Ms Wang sees asset managers postponing investments and plans to launch new climate funds until regional lockdowns ease.
