ABUJA - West African nations on Friday worked on plans for a possible military intervention in Niger following an army coup there, although they have not given up hope of a peaceful resolution to a crisis that has shaken the region.

Niger’s military ousted the democratically elected President Mohamed Bazoum on July 26, the seventh coup in West and Central Africa in three years and an action that raised the spectre of more unrest in an impoverished region battling an Islamist insurgency.

The West African bloc Ecowas on Thursday ordered the activation of a standby force for possible use against the junta that took power in Niger in July, saying it wanted a peaceful restoration of democracy but all options, including force, were on the table.

It was not clear how big the force would be, if it would actually invade, and which countries would contribute. Security analysts said an Ecowas force could take weeks or longer to assemble, potentially leaving room for negotiations.

Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the summit, Ivory Coast President Alassane Ouattara said he considered the detention of Mr Bazoum by the junta “a terrorist act” and promised to supply a battalion of troops to the force.

Asked how many troops that would involve, an Ivorian army spokesman said a battalion consisted of 850 troops. Other countries have yet to say how many troops they could provide, if at all.

“There’s probably still a lot that has not been agreed to, such as timeline and red lines and what to do in contingency situations if things continue to go sour,” said Ms Aneliese Bernard, director of consultancy Strategic Stabilisation Advisers (SSA).

The threat of an invasion, though not specific, will keep tensions high in and around Niger, a uranium producer that until the coup was an important ally of the West in the fight against Islamist insurgents devastating the Sahel region.

The junta had defied a Sunday deadline to stand down set by Ecowas, instead closing Niger’s airspace and vowing to defend the country against any foreign attack.

After a summit of its heads of state in the Nigerian capital Abuja, the bloc pledged to enforce sanctions, travel bans and asset freezes on those preventing the return to power of Mr Bazoum.

“No option is taken off the table, including the use of force as a last resort,” said Nigerian President Bola Tinubu, the Ecowas chairman.

“I hope that through our collective effort, we can bring about a peaceful resolution as a road map to restoring stability and democracy in Niger,” he said.

“All is not lost yet.”

An official communique was read out which included a resolution asking the bloc’s defence chiefs to “activate the Ecowas Standby Force with all its elements immediately”.

Another resolution spoke of ordering “the deployment of the Ecowas Standby Force to restore constitutional order in the Republic of Niger”, immediately followed by another that spoke of restoring such order “through peaceful means”.

‘Get them out’

Ecowas sought to project an image of resolution and unity, but the bloc is split, with suspended member states Mali and Burkina Faso, both ruled by army governments that seized power in the past two years, vowing to defend the Niger junta.

“There’s still a lot of unknowns, but this (Ecowas statement) is a significant next step and certainly an escalation of tensions, at least between the regional bloc and the junta bloc that seems to be forming right now, between Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger specifically,” said Ms Bernard of SSA.

The United Nations and Western powers have backed Ecowas efforts to persuade the coup leaders to relinquish power and free Mr Bazoum, who is being detained in his residence, but so far they have given no sign they were willing to back down.

France said it fully supported all the conclusions of the Ecowas meeting. But it stayed clear of outlining any concrete support it could give to any potential intervention.

Reiterating support for the efforts by Ecowas, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the United States would hold the junta accountable for the safety of Mr Bazoum and his family.

The European Union also called for his immediate release. “President Bazoum has dedicated his life to improve conditions for the people of Niger. Nothing justifies such a treatment,” EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said in a statement.

Western countries fear Niger could follow Mali’s footsteps and seek help from Russia’s Wagner Group, which the US has designated a transnational criminal organisation. Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin has welcomed the Niger coup and said his forces were available to restore order.

Despite being one of the world’s poorest countries, landlocked Niger, which is more than twice the size of France, is the world’s seventh-largest producer of uranium, a crucial material for nuclear power.

Until the coup, it was also an increasingly valuable ally for the West after Mali and others turned against former colonial power France in favour of closer ties with Russia.

US, French, German and Italian troops are stationed in Niger as part of an international struggle against a long-running Islamist insurgency that spread across the Sahel from Mali displacing millions and causing a hunger crisis.

Following a pattern seen after the coups in Mali and Burkina Faso between 2020 and 2022, the junta in Niamey has engaged in vitriolic anti-French rhetoric, seeking to blame France for Niger’s problems and accusing it of a range of violations of sovereignty, which Paris has denied. REUTERS