US, Saudi Arabia back-of-the-pack on curbing climate change

The United States and Saudi Arabia rank last among 56 nations when it comes to curbing climate change. PHOTO: EPA-EFE

KATOWICE, Poland (AFP) - The United States and Saudi Arabia rank last when it comes to curbing climate change among the 56 nations accounting for 90 per cent of planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions, researchers said on Monday (Dec 10).

A large number of laggards means the world is dangerously off-track which it comes to slashing the carbon pollution that has already amplified droughts, flooding and deadly heatwaves worldwide, they reported on the margins of UN climate talks in Katowice, Poland.

"Only a few countries have started to implement strategies to limit global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius," the cornerstone target of the 2015 Paris climate treaty, according to NewClimate Institute and Germanwatch, an NGO. Most governments "lack the political will to phase out fossil fuels with the necessary speed".

Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which accounts for nearly 80 per cent of all greenhouse gas emissions, will climb nearly three per cent in 2018, scientists confirmed last week.

After holding steady from 2014 through 2016 - raising hopes that humanity had turned a corner on climate change - carbon pollution started to climb again last year, driven by increased use of oil, gas and coal.

A major UN report in October concluded that CO2 emission levels must drop a quarter within 12 years to stay under 2 deg C, and by half over the same period to cap warming at 1.5 deg C, seen as a safer guardrail against catastrophic extreme weather.

Sweden and Morocco scored highest in the annual ranking, the survey showed, with Britain, India, Norway, Portugal and the European Union as a whole in the top tranche as well.

The three-place podium, however, was left empty because no country's policies and actions were deemed sufficient, it said.

FOSSIL FUEL LOCK-IN

Other nations at the bottom of the list included Iran, South Korea, Australia, Canada, Russia, Turkey and Japan.

In determining a score, the Climate Change Performance Index looked at each country's progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, building up renewable energy such as wind and solar, energy use and its climate policies.

On current trends, the world is on track to heat up four or five degrees Celsius by century's end.

National pledges to cut carbon pollution annexed to the Paris Agreement - if fulfilled - would still see the global thermometer rise by more than 3 deg C, a recipe for climate chaos, according to scientists.

Earth's average surface temperature has risen by about 1 deg C since the mid-19th century.

"The costs of electricity from wind and solar have dropped by roughly a third since the Paris Agreement, so all countries can increase ambition and pace," said co-author Niklas Hohne, a professor at the NewClimate Institute.

In 40 of the 56 countries surveyed, emissions went down between 2011 and 2016.

At the same time, however, investment in fossil fuel infrastructure - and the risk of being locked into a high-emissions future - increased.

US President Donald Trump has dismantled many of the climate change policies of his predecessor, Barack Obama. He has also promoted the use of fossil fuels and tried to unwind more stringent fuel standards for vehicles.

India's ranking, 11, improved due to a rapid installation of solar energy, a low per-capita carbon footprint, and relatively aggressive targets for reducing emissions.

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