WASHINGTON (BLOOMBERG) - The United States Senate passed the Democrats' landmark tax, climate and health-care bill, setting up the legislation for House approval and President Joe Biden's signature.
After more than a year of stop-and-start negotiations, Democrats on Sunday (Aug 7) agreed to a narrow bill to invest in energy initiatives, curb drug prices and reduce the deficit, paid for by new corporate taxes.
The legislation is far from the roughly US$4 trillion (S$5.5 trillion) to reshape the American economy that Mr Biden first envisioned when taking office, but the bill still gives Democrats something to show voters ahead of the November mid-term elections.
Here are the highlights of what's in the deal:
Corporate Minimum Tax
The bill imposes a 15 per cent minimum corporate levy on companies that have traditionally been able to pay little to no taxes because they were eligible for a long list of credits and deductions.
This measure is known as the book tax, because it is applied to a company's book, or financial-statement, earnings - rather than the income calculation traditionally used for tax purposes.
The private equity industry scored a last-minute win when several Democrats voted with Republicans to create a carveout that means fewer companies owned by investment firms will have to pay the tax.
The regular, 21 per cent corporate rate is left untouched, maintaining a key part of former President Donald Trump's 2017 tax law.
Stock Buyback Tax
The legislation includes a one per cent excise tax on corporate stock repurchases set to go into effect at the start of next year. The legislation could cause some companies to opt for issuing dividends over buybacks in 2023, but until then there could be a flurry of share repurchases.
IRS Enforcement
The Internal Revenue Service would get US$80 billion to add auditors, improve customer service and modernise technology. Democrats hope to pull in US$204 billion in tax revenue from cracking down on tax cheats and increasing compliance by rebuilding the IRS. The agency has lost staff and expertise over the past decade because of budget cuts.
Electric Car Credits
The bill includes US$4,000 tax credits for lower- and middle-income buyers to use to purchase used electric vehicles, and up to US$7,500 tax credit for new vehicles. The inclusion is a win for EV makers including Tesla, General Motors and Toyota Motor.
Renewable Energy Credits
The plan has US$60 billion in incentives to bring clean energy manufacturing into the US. These include production tax credits to accelerate US manufacturing of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and critical minerals processing.
The plan also includes investment tax credits to build clean technology manufacturing plants that make EVs, turbines and other products.
Consumer Energy Perks
There would be tax credits for consumers who add renewable energy items to their homes, under the legislation, including efficient heat pumps, rooftop solar, electric HVAC and water heaters
The plan also includes US$9 billion for home energy rebate programs for low-income consumers to make their homes more energy efficient and US$1 billion in grants for affordable housing energy upgrades.
Drug Prices
The bill would direct the government to negotiate with drugmakers for lower prices on certain medicines, and cap what seniors on Medicare pay for drugs each year at US$2,000.
The measure also requires pharmaceutical companies to rebate Medicare if they raise the prices of their drugs more than just account for inflation.
Obamacare Premiums
The bill would also extend to 2025 an expansion in Affordable Care Act premium subsidies that's currently set to end in January 2023. This will lower prices for millions of Americans.
Drought and Water Security
The Senate added, at the request of Senator Kyrsten Sinema, US$4 billion for drought relief to help Western states facing historically low water levels. The funding would be used to buy private water rights and help municipalities with conservation projects to increase the level of water in the Colorado River system.
