US Fed poised to hold off on rate cuts, defying Trump pressure

WASHINGTON - The US central bank is widely expected to hold off slashing interest rates again at its upcoming meeting, as officials gather under the cloud of an intensifying pressure campaign by US President Donald Trump.

Policymakers at the independent US Federal Reserve have kept the benchmark lending rate steady since the start of the year as they monitor how Mr Trump’s sweeping tariffs are impacting the world’s biggest economy.

With Mr Trump’s on-again, off-again tariff approach – and the levies’ lagged effects on inflation – Fed officials want to see economic data from this summer to gauge how prices are being affected.

When mulling over changes to interest rates, the central bank – which meets on July 29 and 30 – seeks a balance between reining in inflation and the health of the jobs market.

But the bank’s data-dependent approach has enraged the Republican president, who has repeatedly criticised Fed chairman Jerome Powell for not slashing rates further,

calling him a “numbskull”

and “moron”.

Most recently, Mr Trump signalled he could use the Fed’s US$2.5 billion (S$3.2 billion) renovation project as an avenue to oust Mr Powell, before backing off and saying that would be unlikely.

Mr Trump

visited the Fed construction site on July 24

, making a tense appearance with Mr Powell in which the Fed chair disputed Mr Trump’s characterisation of the total cost of the refurbishment in front of the cameras.

But economists expect the Fed to look past the political pressure at its policy meeting.

“We’re just now beginning to see the evidence of tariffs’ impact on inflation,” said Mr Ryan Sweet, chief US economist at Oxford Economics.

“We’re going to see it (too) in July and August, and we think that’s going to give the Fed reason to remain on the sidelines,” he told AFP.

‘Trial balloon’

Since returning to the presidency in January, Mr Trump has imposed a 10 per cent tariff on goods from almost all countries, as well as steeper rates on steel, aluminium and autos.

The effect on inflation has so far been limited, prompting the US leader to use this as grounds for calling for interest rates to be lowered by 3 percentage points.

Currently, the benchmark lending rate stands at a range between 4.25 per cent and 4.5 per cent.

Mr Trump also argues that lower rates would save the government money on interest payments, and floated the idea of firing Mr Powell. The comments roiled financial markets.

“Powell can see that the administration floated this trial balloon” of ousting him before walking it back on the market’s reaction, Mr Sweet said.

“It showed that markets value an independent central bank,” the analyst added, anticipating Mr Powell will be instead more influenced by labour market concerns.

Mr Powell’s term as Fed chair ends in May 2026.

Jobs market ‘fissures’

Analysts expect to see a couple of members break ranks if the Fed’s rate-setting committee decides for a fifth straight meeting to keep interest rates unchanged.

Mr Sweet cautioned that some observers may spin dissents as pushback on Mr Powell but argued this is not necessarily the case.

“It’s not out-of-line or unusual to see, at times when there’s a high degree of uncertainty, or maybe a turning point in policy, that you get one or two people dissenting,” said Nationwide chief economist Kathy Bostjancic.

Fed governor Christopher Waller and vice-chairwoman for supervision Michelle Bowman have both signalled openness to rate cuts as early as July, meaning their disagreement with a decision to hold rates steady would not surprise markets.

Ms Bostjancic said that too many dissents could be “eyebrow-raising”, and lead some to question if Mr Powell is losing control of the board, but added: “I don’t anticipate that to be the case.”

For Mr Sweet, “the big wild card is the labour market”.

There has been weakness in the private sector, while the hiring rate has been below average and the

number of permanent job losers is rising

.

“There are some fissures in the labour market, but they haven’t turned into fault lines yet,” Mr Sweet said.

If the labour market suddenly weakened, he said he would expect the Fed to start cutting interest rates sooner. AFP