US approves first vaccine against chikungunya virus

Washington – The US health authorities on Thursday approved the world’s first vaccine for chikungunya, which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) called “an emerging global health threat”. 

The vaccine, developed by Europe’s Valneva and to be marketed under the name Ixchiq, was approved for people aged 18 and over who are at increased risk of exposure, the FDA said.

The chikungunya virus is spread by infected mosquitoes.

Ixchiq’s green light by the United States drug regulator is expected to speed up the vaccine’s roll-out in countries where the virus is most prevalent.

Chikungunya, which causes fever and severe joint pain, is most prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, South-east Asia and part of the Americas.

“However, the chikungunya virus has spread to new geographical areas, causing a rise in global prevalence of the disease,” said the FDA, adding that there have been more than five million cases reported in the past 15 years.

“Infection with the chikungunya virus can lead to severe disease and prolonged health problems, particularly for older adults and individuals with underlying medical conditions,” senior FDA official Peter Marks said in a statement.

“Today’s approval addresses an unmet medical need and is an important advancement in the prevention of a potentially debilitating disease with limited treatment options.”

Symptoms can last for months or even years, but the virus is rarely fatal. There is currently no specific drug to treat chikungunya, aside from common medications for pain and fever relief.

In the absence of preventative treatment, until now, the only way to protect against infection was to avoid getting bitten.

The vaccine is injected in one dose and contains a live, weakened version of the chikungunya virus, as is standard with other vaccines.

Two clinical trials were carried out in North America on 3,500 people. Headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, fever and nausea were commonly reported side effects.

Serious reactions were reported in 1.6 per cent of Ixchiq recipients in the trials, with two requiring hospitalisation.

Some vaccine recipients had chikungunya-like adverse reactions that lasted for 30 days or more.

Chikungunya can be passed from a pregnant woman to her unborn child, and the virus can be fatal to newborns.

In its statement, the FDA noted that it was not known whether the vaccine virus can be transmitted from a mother to her baby in utero, or if the vaccine can cause adverse effects in newborns.

Since chikungunya was first identified in Tanzania in 1952, it has been recorded in more than 110 countries, according to the World Health Organisation.

Public health experts have expressed concerns that chikungunya could be a potential future pandemic threat as climate change pushes the mosquitoes that spread it into new regions.

Valneva has also filed an application for authorisation with the European Medicines Agency. AFP