WASHINGTON (AFP) - SpaceX managed to land its prototype Starship rocket at its Texas base without blowing it up on Wednesday (May 5), the first time it has succeeded in doing so in five attempts.
The test flight represents a major win for the hard-charging company, which eventually wants to carry crew inside Starship for missions to Mars.
"Starship landing nominal!" tweeted founder Elon Musk triumphantly, after the past four tries ended in big explosions.
"Nominal" means normal in the context of spaceflight.
The execution wasn't quite perfect, with a small fire engulfing the base of the 50 metre-high rocket, dubbed SN15, shortly after landing.
SpaceX webcaster John Insprucker explained this was "not unusual with the methane fuel we're using", adding engineers were still working out design issues.
The flames were quickly put out with water cannons, footage showed.
Earlier, the rocket took off at around 5:25pm local time (6:25am Thursday Singapore time) from the Starbase in Boca Chica in southern Texas, reached an altitude of 10 kilometres and performed a series of manoeuvres, including a horizontal descent called a "belly flop".
SpaceX was facing added pressure to succeed with Wednesday's flight after Nasa last month announced a version of Starship will be used as a lunar lander when the space agency returns humans to the Moon.
But the US$2.9 billion (S$3.88 billion) contract is currently suspended after two rival companies, Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin and Dynetics, lodged a protest.
Nevertheless, if the award is eventually confirmed, it will transform Starship from Musk's pet project to a major taxpayer-funded venture, with all the scrutiny that entails.
The first two flight tests of Starship, SN8 and SN9, both crash landed and exploded when they launched in December and February, respectively.
The next, SN10, successfully landed then blew up a few minutes later on March 3.
The video feed cut out during the test flight of the fourth, SN11, with Musk later confirming it too had exploded, this time in mid-flight.
Eventually, SpaceX plans to combine the Starship spaceship with a Super Heavy rocket, creating a fully reusable system to explore deep into our solar system.
This final version will stand 120 metres tall and will be able to carry 100 tonnes into Earth orbit - the most powerful launch vehicle ever developed.
Musk wants to use this to help realise his goal of transforming humanity into a multi-planetary species with a colony on Mars.
The planned lunar version of Starship would, however, serve a more modest goal - docking with a future lunar orbital station, collecting astronauts, then setting them down on the Moon.
To get the astronauts to the lunar station in the first place, Nasa has a more traditional plan in mind: using its own giant SLS rocket with a crew capsule called Orion affixed on top.
But the SLS rocket has suffered severe delays and cost overruns, and observers have mused if Starship succeeds, it could one day make SLS obsolete.
