Elon Musk wants big families. He bought a secret compound for his

AUSTIN, Texas – On a quiet street of multimillion dollar properties, one stands out: a 14,400 square foot (sq ft) mansion that looks like a villa plucked from the hills of Tuscany in Italy and transplanted to Austin, Texas.

This is where 53-year-old Elon Musk, the world’s richest man and perhaps the most important campaign backer of former President Donald Trump, has been trying to establish the cornerstone of an unusual family compound, according to four people familiar with his plans.

Mr Musk has told people close to him in recent months that he envisions his children – of which there are at least 11 – and two of their three mothers occupying adjoining properties. That way, his younger children could be a part of one another’s lives, and Mr Musk could schedule time among them.

Directly behind the villa is a six-bedroom mansion that Mr Musk helped purchase, according to two of the people and public records. The total cost of both properties was about US$35 million (S$46 million). When in Austin, he often stays at a third mansion about a 10-minute walk away, the people said.

Three mansions, three mothers, 11 children and one secretive, multibillionaire father who obsesses about declining birth rates when he is not overseeing one of his six companies: it is an unconventional family situation, and one that Mr Musk seems to want to make even bigger.

A proponent of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), Mr Musk believes strongly in increasing the world’s population. He has even offered his own sperm to friends and acquaintances, including former independent vice-presidential candidate Nicole Shanahan, according to two people familiar with his offer. Ms Shanahan turned him down.

Mr Musk has tried to keep his own growing family a secret. The compound, and his efforts to fill it with his children, which have not been previously reported, is not just a personal matter for him; it is rooted in the existential anxieties that underpin his business empire.

He was an early investor in his electric car company Tesla out of concerns about reliance on fossil fuels. He founded his rocket company SpaceX, now a significant government contractor, so that he could colonise Mars for humans in case Earth becomes uninhabitable.

Over the past two years, he has become increasingly fixated on what he sees as another threat: declining birthrates. He believes a global population collapse is coming that will wipe out humanity. His apocalyptic vision is unlikely, according to demographers, but on X, the social media company he owns, he has been encouraging followers to have as many children as possible.

“It should be considered a national emergency to have kids,” Mr Musk posted in June.

For the moment, Mr Musk is temporarily encamped in Pennsylvania, immersed in the presidential campaign and spending tens of millions of dollars to finance Trump’s get-out-the-vote operations.

But it is in Texas where Mr Musk has moved much of his business operations and is trying to establish his family compound. The compound is off to a bumpy start.

One of the mothers, Ms Shivon Zilis, an executive at Neuralink, Mr Musk’s brain technology start-up, has moved into one of the homes with her children. But Ms Claire Boucher, the musician better known as Grimes, who is the mother to three of his children, is in a protracted legal fight with Mr Musk and has so far steered clear.

The third mother is Mr Musk’s first wife, Ms Justine Musk, with whom he has five living children, all in their late teens or older. There is room in the Austin compound if they were to visit, though he is estranged from at least one of those children.

In choosing Senator J.D. Vance as his running mate, Trump brought declining birthrates to the forefront of the 2024 presidential election. Mr Vance, who has raised alarms about the issue, made headlines for scolding “childless cat ladies”.

In a biography published in 2015, Mr Musk worried that educated people were not having enough children. “I’m not saying like only smart people should have kids. I’m just saying that smart people should have kids as well,” he said. “I notice that a lot of really smart women have zero or one kid. You’re like, ‘Wow, that’s probably not good’.”

Mr Musk, his attorney and the head of his family office did not return requests for comment. Representatives for Ms Boucher did not return requests for comment. Ms Zilis and Ms Shanahan also did not return requests for comment.

All of Mr Musk’s children

Mr Musk and his first wife Justine had their first child, a boy named Nevada in 2002, two years after they married. The child died unexpectedly in infancy.

The couple had five children using IVF before they divorced in 2008: twins Griffin and Vivian, who are now 20, followed by triplets Saxon, Damian and Kai, now in their late teens. Mr Musk has said that IVF is a more efficient way of having children because it allows parents to control parts of the process, according to a person who understands his thinking.

By 2016, as the head of Tesla and SpaceX, Mr Musk had amassed a net worth of more than US$11 billion, according to Forbes. That year, he warned for the first time on Twitter, the social network now known as X, that the world could be headed for population collapse.

“Consequences of population implosion greatly underestimated,” he wrote in response to an article about falling birthrates.

He twice married and divorced actress Talulah Riley, whose desire to focus on her career instead of having children was a factor in their break-up, according to three people familiar with her thinking. Representatives for Ms Riley did not return requests for comment.

In 2020, Mr Musk and Ms Boucher, whom he started dating two years earlier,

had their first child, a son they named X Æ A-Xii,

or X for short.

Over the next few years, Mr Musk had more children with Ms Boucher as well as with Ms Zilis.

Mr Musk has offered to share his DNA. At a dinner party held at the home of a well-known Silicon Valley executive in 2023, Mr Musk offered to provide his sperm to a married couple he had met socially only a handful of times, according to two people who were present for the interaction.

The couple had mentioned at the dinner that they were having trouble conceiving a child. Mr Musk told them he was happy to assist, and boasted about his many children, according to the people present.

The compound

Initially, Mr Musk had hoped to build a compound for his families on hundreds of acres that he and his companies owned outside Austin, near Tesla’s headquarters, according to four people familiar with the plans. But that idea appeared to fall apart after the Justice Department began investigating whether Tesla’s resources had been used on a secret effort to build a glass house for Mr Musk’s personal use, according to The Wall Street Journal.

In August 2023, Mr Musk said he was “not building a house of any kind”, in a post on X.

By that time, Mr Musk had begun touring Austin for homes that could fit his growing families but was having trouble with at least one of the mothers of his children.

He had been living with Ms Boucher in a 6,900-sq ft house on a small cul-de-sac, according to three people familiar with the couple, when the pair welcomed a third child, a son born via surrogate.

Mr Musk wanted to buy property next to the one he lived in with Ms Boucher so that he could create a private compound and incorporate more of his children.

But Ms Boucher, who once described her relationship with Mr Musk as “very fluid”, moved out in the summer of 2023. She eventually left Austin amid a custody battle with Mr Musk, according to three people familiar with her move.

Still, Mr Musk continued his home purchase spree.

It is unclear which members of Mr Musk’s families will live in those homes.

Some of his oldest children are

not close to their father, including his daughter Vivian

, who is transgender. In an interview, Mr Musk said Vivian was “dead, killed by the woke mind virus”. Ms Vivian, for her part, accused Mr Musk of pretending to care about his children. “You are not a family man,” she wrote on Threads in August. She declined to comment.

Only Ms Zilis is currently living in Austin, where she is sometimes seen at events around the city, three people familiar with her said. In June, Mr Musk confirmed to The New York Post that he had a third child with Ms Zilis after Bloomberg reported on the child’s existence.

In September, pop star Taylor Swift endorsed Ms Kamala Harris for president, signing her Instagram post with “Childless Cat Lady”. Mr Musk posted on X: “Fine Taylor… you win… I will give you a child and guard your cats with my life.”

People close to Mr Musk believe he was only half-joking. NYTIMES