NEW YORK – At Sansan Chicken in Long Island City, Queens, the cashier beamed a wide smile and recommended the fried chicken sandwich.

Or maybe she suggested the tonkatsu – it was hard to tell as the internet connection from her home in the Philippines was spotty.

Ms Romy, who declined to give her last name, is one of 12 virtual assistants greeting customers at a handful of restaurants in New York City, from halfway across the world.

The virtual hosts could be the vanguard of a rapidly changing restaurant industry, as small-business owners seek relief from rising commercial rents and high inflation.

Others see a model ripe for abuse. The remote workers are paid US$3 (S$4) an hour, according to their management company, while the minimum wage in the city is US$16.

The workers, all based in the Philippines and projected onto flat-screen monitors via Zoom, are summoned when an often unwitting customer approaches.

Despite a 12-hour time difference with the New York lunch crowd, they offer warm greetings, explain the menu and beckon guests inside. But sceptical customers said they were not eager to join this particular Zoom meeting.

“You hear ‘hello’ and you say, ‘What the (expletive) is that?’” said Ms Shania Ortiz, 25, recalling a recent trip to Sansan Ramen, a neighbouring Japanese restaurant that had a gold-framed, flat-screen monitor set up in the foyer with a surveillance camera trained on guests.

“I never engage,” she said.

The service is the brainchild of Mr Chi Zhang, 34, the founder of Happy Cashier, a virtual-assistant company that was thrust into the spotlight last week, when a social media post about the overseas workers went viral.

He was caught off guard. The programme has been quietly tested since October 2023, but the company’s website has not yet been set up.

The technology is already available in stores in Queens, Manhattan and Jersey City, New Jersey, including at Sansan Ramen, its sister store Sansan Chicken, and Yaso Kitchen, a Chinese soup dumpling spot.

Two other Chinese restaurants using the service on Long Island asked not to be named, he said.

Mr Zhang is a former owner of Yaso Tangbao, a Shanghainese restaurant in Brooklyn that closed during the coronavirus pandemic.

He said the experience reinforced the idea that restaurants were being squeezed by high rents and inflation, and that a virtual-assistant model, somewhat akin to that employed by overseas call centres, could help maximise small retail spaces and improve store efficiency.

When the virtual assistants are not helping customers, they coordinate food delivery orders, take calls and oversee the restaurants’ online review pages, Mr Zhang said. They can take food orders, but cannot manage cash transactions.

The workers are staff of Happy Cashier, not the restaurants. Mr Zhang said their hourly pay of US$3 was roughly double what similar roles paid in the Philippines.

Tipping policy is set by the restaurants, he said, with one giving its virtual greeters 30 per cent of the pooled total each day.

The restaurant industry has long been an entry point for immigrants, and a hotbed for labour violations such as wage theft.

But the Happy Cashier model is legal and minimum wage laws extend only to workers “who are physically present within the state’s geographical limits”, according to a spokesperson for the New York State Department of Labour.

Mr Zhang said he expected to quickly scale up by placing virtual assistants in more than 100 restaurants in the state by end-2024.

The prospect is alarming, said Mr Teofilo Reyes, the chief of staff at Restaurant Opportunities Centres United, a non-profit labour group that has pushed for a higher minimum wage in New York.

“The fact that they have found a way to outsource work to another country is extremely troubling, because it’s going to dramatically put downward pressure on wages in the industry,” he said.

The fast-food workforce is already shrinking, and new technology could further transform the industry, said Mr Jonathan Bowles, executive director of the Centre for an Urban Future, a public policy think-tank.

Fast-food restaurants in New York City had an average of 8.5 employees in 2022, he said, down from 9.23 in 2019, pre-pandemic.

Virtual assistants have become common in customer service and corporate settings, but are rare in the hands-on restaurant business.

One recent exception came from Freshii, a Canadian restaurant brand that faced a backlash in 2022 over claims of outsourcing jobs, after partnering with a virtual cashier business called Percy.

Mr Zhang said his business was different. “It’s a service; we are providing a tool. It’s up to them how to use this,” he said of his restaurant clients.

Mr Brett Goldstein, 33, a founder of an artificial intelligence company who made the viral post about the virtual workers, said some commenters had described the model as dystopian while many others had been intrigued.

At the Sansan Chicken in Manhattan’s East Village, Ms Rosy Tang, 30, a manager, praised the service.

“This is a way for small businesses to survive,” she said, adding that the cost and space savings it provided could allow her to add a small coffee stall to the store.

In practice, however, quirks with the model abound.

At the Sansan Chicken in Queens, the virtual assistant could not help a reporter order a sandwich without cheese on a touchpad menu.

The assistant said the reporter should order from the in-person staff at the Sansan Ramen next door, which shares a kitchen with the chicken restaurant.

Mr Will Jang, 30, an associate at Goldman Sachs, had lunch on April 10 at the Yaso Kitchen in Jersey City – and completely ignored his virtual host, Ms Amber.

“I thought it was some advertisement”, like the pre-recorded videos in cabs, he said.

Ms Amber, who did not give her last name, took it in her stride. After studying business administration in college, she said, she worked in person at a fast-food restaurant. She started this virtual job three months ago.

“It’s my first time to work in a work-from-home set-up,” she said in front of a virtual backdrop emblazoned with mustachioed cartoon dumplings.

When asked where home was, she demurred.

“I’m sorry, I cannot share any more personal details with you,” she said. “Can I take your order?” NYTIMES