UN report sees no active Syrian state links to Al-Qaeda

UNITED NATIONS – UN sanctions monitors have seen no “active ties” in 2025 between Al-Qaeda and the Islamist group leading Syria’s interim government, an unpublished UN report said, a finding that could strengthen an expected US push for removing UN sanctions on Syria.

The report, seen by Reuters on July 10, is likely to be published in July.

Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) is Al-Qaeda’s former branch in Syria but broke ties in 2016. The group, previously known as al-Nusra Front, led the rebellion that toppled president Bashar al-Assad in a lightning offensive in December 2024, and HTS leader Ahmed al-Sharaa became Syria’s interim president.

The report comes as diplomats expect the US to seek the removal of UN sanctions on HTS and Mr Sharaa, who has said he wants to build an inclusive and democratic Syria.

“Many tactical-level individuals hold more extreme views than... Sharaa and Interior Minister Anas Khattab, who are generally regarded as more pragmatic than ideological,” the UN report said. The report covered the six months to June 22, and relied on contributions and assessments from UN member states. 

Since May 2014, HTS has been subject to UN sanctions, including a global assets freeze and arms embargo. A number of HTS members also face sanctions such as a travel ban and asset freeze – including Mr Sharaa, who has been listed since July 2013.

“Some member states raised concerns that several HTS and aligned members, especially those in tactical roles or integrated into the new Syrian army, remained ideologically tied to Al-Qaeda,” the UN monitors wrote in their report to the Security Council.

US President Donald Trump announced a major US policy shift in May when he said he would

lift US sanctions on Syria

. He signed an executive order enacting this at the end of June, and Washington revoked its foreign terrorist organisation designation of HTS this week.

The US said then that

revoking the designation

was a step towards Mr Trump’s vision of a peaceful and unified Syria.

The US is “reviewing our remaining terrorist designations related to HTS and Syria and their placement on the UN sanctions list”, a State Department spokesperson told Reuters. 

Diplomats, humanitarian organisations and regional analysts have said lifting sanctions would help rebuild Syria’s shattered economy, steer the country away from authoritarianism and reduce the appeal of radical groups.

Mr Trump and his advisers have argued that doing so would also serve US interests by opening opportunities for American businesses, countering Iranian and Russian influence and potentially limiting the call for US military involvement in the region.

Obstacles to US effort

But Washington faces diplomatic obstacles to get Security Council backing for removing the sanctions.

The US will also need to win support from Russia – which was an ally to Assad – and China for any Syria sanctions relief at the UN, diplomats said.

Both are particularly concerned about foreigners who joined HTS during the 13-year war between rebel groups and Assad. The UN experts said there were estimated to be more than 5,000 foreign fighters in Syria.

The status of foreign fighters has been one of the most fraught issues hindering Syria’s rapprochement with the West. But the US has given its blessing to a plan by Syria’s new leaders to integrate foreign fighters into the army. 

“China is gravely concerned about such developments. The Syrian interim authorities should earnestly fulfil their counter-terrorism obligations,” China’s UN ambassador Fu Cong told the Security Council in June.

He said Syria must combat terrorist organisations, including “the Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement, also known as the Turkistan Islamic Party”.

Uighur fighters from China and Central Asia are members of the Turkistan Islamic Party. Rights groups accuse Beijing of widespread abuses of the mainly Muslim ethnic minority.

Russia’s UN ambassador Vassily Nebenzia told the Security Council in June that it was essential Syria’s “army and police are staffed exclusively by professional personnel with untainted track records”, an apparent reference to irregular fighters such as militants.

The UN monitors said some foreign fighters rejected the move to integrate them into the military.

“Defections occurred among those who see Sharaa as a sell-out, raising the risk of internal conflict and making Sharaa a potential target,” the UN experts said. REUTERS