WHO worried about ‘scale and speed’ of deadly Ebola outbreak

KINHASA – The World Health Organization (WHO) on May 19 voiced concern about the “scale and speed” of an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which has killed an estimated 131 people, and warned it could be lengthy.

The WHO has declared the surge of the highly contagious haemorrhagic fever an international health emergency and called an emergency meeting on the crisis.

No vaccine or therapeutic treatment exists for the Bundibugyo strain of Ebola responsible for the latest outbreak of the disease, which has killed more than 15,000 people in Africa in the past half-century.

With the new outbreak largely concentrated in difficult-to-access areas in the east hit by long-running conflicts, few samples have been laboratory-tested and figures are based mostly on suspected cases.

“We have recorded roughly 131 deaths in total and we have around 513 suspected cases,” Congolese Health Minister Samuel Roger Kamba said on national television early on May 19.

“The deaths we are reporting are all the deaths we have identified in the community, without necessarily saying that they are all linked to Ebola,” he added.

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said he was “deeply concerned about the scale and speed of the epidemic”, against which the UN health agency is examining whether any candidate vaccines can be used.

Speaking from the DRC, Dr Anne Ancia, WHO’s representative, told reporters in Geneva that a vaccine candidate called Ervebo was among those being looked at but it was likely to take at least “two months for it to be available”.

It could still be useful, she added, since “I don’t think that in two months we will be done with this outbreak”.

The DRC’s deadliest Ebola outbreak, between 2018 and 2020, claimed nearly 2,300 lives from 3,500 cases.

The epicentre of the new cases is in north-eastern Ituri province, which borders Uganda and South Sudan. As a gold-mining hub, it sees people regularly criss-crossing the region and has been plagued by clashes between local militias for years.

The virus has already spread into neighbouring provinces, as well as beyond the DRC’s borders into Uganda.

“Unfortunately, the alert was slow to circulate within the community, because people thought it was a mystical illness, and so, as a result, the sick were not taken to the hospital,” Dr Kamba said.

‘Challenges’

The outbreak is the 17th in the vast central African country of more than 100 million people.

Vaccines are only available for the Zaire strain of the disease, which has caused the biggest recorded outbreaks.

The Bundibugyo strain was responsible for outbreaks in Uganda in 2007 and in the DRC in 2012. The mortality rate was 30 per cent to 50 per cent.

Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi on May 19 urged citizens to keep “calm” and take precautions, the presidency said on X, adding he had asked the government to step up the response to the outbreak.

Suspected cases have been reported in the commercial hub of Butembo in neighbouring North Kivu province, some 200km from the epidemic’s ground zero, Dr Kamba said, without giving further details.

Another case has been recorded in Goma, North Kivu’s key provincial capital currently under the control of the Rwanda-backed M23 armed group.

The front line dividing the anti-governmental group and government forces runs through the provinces of North Kivu and neighbouring South Kivu.

“Humanitarian access and coordination between the various stakeholders, particularly the parties to the conflict, could be one of the challenges for the response,” Mr Francois Moreillon, of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the DRC, said on May 18.

He called on the armed groups to guarantee effective access, cooperation and humanitarian coordination.

US screening

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has declared the outbreak a continental public health emergency. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies also said it had activated its highest level of emergency response.

Dr Tedros said that 30 cases had been confirmed to be Ebola in Ituri province.

“Uganda has also informed WHO of two confirmed cases in the capital of Kampala, including one death among two individuals who travelled from DRC,” he said.

Germany said on May 19 that it was readying to receive and treat a US citizen who has contracted the virus.

American Christian non-governmental organisation Serge said the patient was a doctor for the organisation who was exposed to the virus through his work.

It said two other doctors with the NGO who treated sick people were asymptomatic.

The US announced it was screening air passengers from outbreak-hit areas and temporarily suspending visa services.

First identified in 1976 and believed to have originated in bats, Ebola is a deadly viral disease spread via direct contact with bodily fluids. It can cause severe bleeding and organ failure. AFP