Biden drops out of presidential election: What happens next?

WASHINGTON – President Joe Biden said on July 21 that he would withdraw from the 2024 presidential election race, putting the United States into uncharted territory.

Mr Biden

endorsed Vice-President Kamala Harris to be the Democratic nominee

.

Before his decision was made, Reuters spoke to Dr Elaine Kamarck, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution think-tank, a Democratic National Committee member, and author of the book Primary Politics on the presidential nominating process, about what could happen next.

Q: What happens now?

A: Mr Biden has spent the last several months accruing nearly 4,000 Democratic delegates by winning primary elections in US states and territories. 

Those delegates would normally vote for him to be the party's official presidential nominee at the Democratic National Convention that is set to take place on Aug 19-22, but the rules do not bind or force them to do so. Delegates can vote with their conscience, which means they could throw their vote to someone else.

By stepping aside, Mr Biden is effectively "releasing" his delegates, potentially sparking a competition among other Democratic candidates to become the nominee.

Q: Who could replace Mr Biden?

A: Several candidates could step into the fray.

Vice-President Kamala Harris is at the top of the list, but she has had her own problems after a rocky start in the job and poor polling numbers. The US Constitution dictates that the vice-president becomes president if the president dies or becomes incapacitated, but it does not weigh in on an interparty process for choosing a nominee.

California Governor Gavin Newsom, Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear and Illinois Governor JB Pritzker have all been floated as possible replacements. Up until now, they have been Mr Biden’s supporters, working to help get him elected.

Q: How will a nominee be chosen? 

A: There could be a free-for-all of sorts between the Democratic heavyweights vying for the job.

According to Ballotpedia, there are expected to be some 4,672 delegates in 2024, including 3,933 pledged delegates and 739 so-called superdelegates – senior party members.

In order to secure the nomination, a candidate would need to get a majority – that is, more votes than all the others combined.

If no one achieves that, then there would be a "brokered convention" in which the delegates act as free agents and negotiate with the party leadership. 

Rules would be established and there would be roll call votes for names placed into nomination. 

It could take several rounds of voting for someone to get a majority and become the nominee. The last brokered convention when Democrats failed to nominate a candidate on the first ballot was in 1952.

Q: What happens to Mr Biden’s campaign cash? 

A: The Biden-Harris campaign had US$91 million (S$122.4 million) in the bank at the end of May, but experts on campaign finance law disagree on how readily the money could change hands.

Because Ms Harris is also on the campaign filing documents, many experts believe the money could be transferred over to her if she is on the ticket. But there is some debate about whether Mr Biden would need to be officially nominated first as the party's candidate before a transfer could be made. REUTERS