Refugees return to Syria as caretaker prime minister is appointed; US sets terms

DAMASCUS – Refugees from Syria’s long civil war were making their way home on Dec 11, as a new interim prime minister said he was appointed with the backing of the rebels who toppled President Bashar al-Assad.

US officials, engaging with rebels led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), urged them not to assume automatic leadership of the country but instead run an inclusive process to form a transitional government.

The new government must “uphold clear commitments to fully respect the rights of minorities, facilitate the flow of humanitarian assistance to all in need and prevent Syria from being used as a base for terrorism or posing a threat to its neighbours”, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said in a statement.

HTS is a former Al-Qaeda affiliate that led the anti-Assad revolt, and has lately downplayed its jihadist roots.

In a brief address on state television

on Dec 10, Mr Mohammed al-Bashir, a figure little known across most of Syria, said he would lead the interim authority until March 1.

“Today, we held a Cabinet meeting that included a team from the salvation government that was working in Idlib and its vicinity, and the government of the ousted regime,” he said.

Mr Bashir ran the rebel-led Salvation government before the 12-day lightning rebel offensive swept into Damascus.

Behind him were two flags – the green, black and white flag flown by opponents of Mr Assad throughout the civil war, and a white flag with the Islamic oath of faith in black writing, typically flown in Syria by Sunni Islamist fighters.

Massive rebuild

Rebuilding Syria will be a colossal task following a civil war that killed hundreds of thousands of people.

Cities have been bombed to ruins, swathes of countryside depopulated, the economy gutted by international sanctions and millions of refugees still live in camps after one of the biggest displacements of modern times.

With European countries

pausing asylum applications

from Syrians, some refugees from Turkey and elsewhere began making their way home.

Mr Ala Jabeer cried as he prepared to cross from Turkey into Syria with his 10-year-old daughter on Dec 10, 13 years after the war forced him to flee his home.

He returns without his wife and three of his children, who died in devastating earthquakes that struck the region in 2023.

“God willing, things will be better than under Assad’s government. We’ve already seen that his oppression is over,” he said.

“The most important reason for me to return is that my mother lives in Latakia. She can take care of my daughter, so I can work,” he added.

In the Syrian capital Damascus, banks reopened for the first time since Mr Assad’s overthrow on Dec 10. Shops also opened again, traffic returned to the roads, cleaners were out sweeping the streets and there were fewer armed men about.

US caution

US Deputy National Security Adviser Jon Finer told Reuters that Washington was still working out how it would engage with the rebel groups, and added that there had been no formal change of policy and that actions were what counted.

He said US troops in north-eastern Syria as part of a counter-terrorism mission would be staying there, and the top US general responsible for the Middle East visited them on Dec 10.

State Department spokesman Matthew Miller declined to say if Washington would change HTS’ designation as a foreign terrorist organisation, which prevents the US from assisting it.

“We have seen over the years any number of militant groups who have seized power, who have promised that they would respect minorities, who have promised that they would respect religious freedom, promised that they would govern in an inclusive way, and then see them fail to meet those promises,” he said.

Mr Miller added that the US asked HTS to help locate and free American journalist Austin Tice, who was kidnapped in Syria in 2012. He said this was a “priority” for Washington.

Israeli incursion

Israeli air strikes have hit bases of the Syrian army, whose forces melted away in the face of the rebel advance.

The Israeli military said it struck most of Syria’s strategic weapons stockpiles in the past 48 hours, and Defence Minister Israel Katz said it aims to

impose a “sterile defence zone”

in southern Syria that would be enforced without a permanent troop presence.

Israel, which has sent forces across the border into a demilitarised zone inside Syria, acknowledged on Dec 10 that troops have also taken up some positions beyond a buffer zone established following the 1973 Middle East war, though it denied they were advancing towards Damascus.

Israel’s incursion, condemned by Turkey, Egypt, Qatar and Saudi Arabia, creates an additional security problem for the new administration, although Israel says its intervention is temporary. REUTERS