French PM faces ouster as opposition vows no-confidence vote

PARIS – France’s Mr Michel Barnier faced an abrupt end to his premiership on Dec 2 after key opposition parties said they would back a no-confidence motion against his government after only three months in power.

Certain that the National Assembly would deny him a majority backing the French government’s social security financing plan for 2025, Mr Barnier forced through the Bill without a vote, using executive powers under Article 49.3 of the French Constitution.

The conservative premier, who formed a minority government in September after an inconclusive general election, has lived under the constant threat of a no-confidence vote that could force him to quit.

The French government could be toppled as early as Dec 4, when a vote is expected.

“I honestly believe that the French people will not forgive us if we prefer partisan interests to the best interest of the nation,” Mr Barnier told the lawmakers.

“This is a moment of truth in which everybody must take their responsibilities. I am taking mine,” he added.

Far-left opposition party France Unbowed (LFI) said immediately it would bring a no-confidence motion which the far-right National Rally (RN) – the largest single party in France’s Parliament – said it would vote in favour of, after accusing Mr Barnier of failing to negotiate on some of the Bill’s provisions.

“We will vote no confidence,” the RN said on X.

Key to any such vote is Marine Le Pen, the parliamentary leader of the RN that has opposed several parts of the government’s 2025 Budget plan, including the social security financing Bill submitted to the National Assembly on Dec 2.

In a last-ditch concession to the RN, the Prime Minister’s office said it was scrapping plans for a less generous prescription drug reimbursement policy from 2025.

It was uncertain to the last moment whether the nod to Le Pen’s concerns would be enough to save the day for Mr Barnier, who had little hope of finding any left-wing support.

But in the end the “miracle” – which RN party leader Jordan Bardella said was needed to avoid the no-confidence motion – failed to materialise.

‘Political impasse’

LFI deputy Mathilde Panot said Mr Barnier had sought to avoid the no-confidence vote by making “dishonourable” concessions to the RN.

“On Wednesday, he will get both, dishonour and the no-confidence vote,” she said, adding that the move would allow France to emerge from “a political impasse” and “political chaos”.

If the French government falls, it would be the first successful no-confidence vote since a defeat for Mr Georges Pompidou’s government in 1962, when Mr Charles de Gaulle was France’s president.

The life span of Mr Barnier’s government would also be the shortest of any administration of France’s Fifth Republic since 1958.

Le Pen had already reacted icily on Dec 1 after Budget Minister Laurent Saint-Martin said the French government did not plan any further changes to the social security Budget plan.

“We have taken note,” she told AFP, calling the stance “extremely closed-minded and partisan behaviour”.

The RN is the largest single party in the 577-seat National Assembly, with more than 140 deputies.

On Nov 28, Mr Barnier scrapped a previously planned increase on an electricity tax, in a concession to critics.

Mr Saint-Martin has highlighted that the Budget proposals have already been discussed by a parliamentary commission ahead of the debate on Dec 2 and changed following talks between National Assembly deputies and upper house senators.

“To reject this text is to reject a democratic agreement,” he said.

Debt threat

The Senate, where right-wing parties have a majority, partly approved the 2025 Budget on Dec 1, giving a green light to government revenue projections, in a vote boycotted by the left.

The Socialist party, part of the left-wing opposition, told Mr Barnier it would vote against him if he used Article 49.3 to push through a Budget.

Mr Saint-Martin warned that the fall of the government would raise the risk premium on French government debt that has reached rare heights because of the country’s shaky financial situation.

France escaped a debt downgrade by S&P last week, with the ratings agency saying that “despite ongoing political uncertainty, we expect France to comply – with a delay – with the EU fiscal framework and to gradually consolidate public finances”.

Mr Barnier has promised to improve France’s fiscal position by €60 billion (S$84.7 billion) in 2025 in the hope of cutting the public-sector deficit to 5 per cent of gross domestic product, from 6.1 per cent of GDP in 2024. AFP