Climate change made Turkey, Greece wildfires 10 times more likely: Study

The

wildfires that raged across Greece,

Turkey and Cyprus in the summer of 2025 were 22 per cent more intense and 10 times more likely than they would have been in a world without climate change, according to scientists.

The extremely hot, dry and windy conditions that drove the chaotic spread of fires across the eastern Mediterranean would occur only once every century without man-made climate change, according to researchers from World Weather Attribution, a group of scientists that conduct rapid studies using peer reviewed methods to determine the influence of climate change on extreme events.

The 1.3 deg C of average warming the world has experienced since pre-industrial times means such events can now happen once every 20 years. 

“We’re looking at a bleak picture for southern Europe’s forests,” said Dr Bikem Ekberzade, a researcher at the Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences in Istanbul. “With climate change allowing the meteorological conditions to become more conductive to burning, we’ll see larger, more severe and more frequent wildfires.”

Europe has suffered its worst year on record for wildfires, with more than a million hectares burnt across the region. The continent is warming faster than any other and the Mediterranean is a hot spot for climate change, with heatwaves, drought and strong winds making the fires more frequent and intense.

At least 20 people died across Turkey, Cyprus and Greece and more than 80,000 were evacuated due to the fires in June and July.

“We have fires happening in places that we didn’t expect,” said Dr Apostolos Voulgarakis, the AXA chair in wildfires and climate at the Technical University of Crete. In Greece, “this is the third consecutive summer with a catastrophic fire season that’s in many ways unprecedented”.

To quantify the effect of climate change on the wildfires, scientists analysed weather data and climate models to compare how the events would have unfolded on a planet without warming. This is the first ever rapid attribution study on a wildfire in Europe, and researchers drew from their experience with a previous study focusing on blazes in Canada in 2023.

For their calculations, scientists used a Canadian-made metric that measures how difficult it is to extinguish a fire once it has started, and another that focuses on fire risk by looking at the impact that hot and dry air have on vegetation. They also analysed the rainfall trends during the winter preceding the fire season. 

Governments in the region are used to fires and they learnt from past disasters, but the challenges in 2025 have been overwhelming, said Ms Maja Vahlberg, a technical adviser at the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre. “Even with hundreds of pre-deployed firefighters, reinforcements from neighbouring countries, and water-dropping planes, the blazes have been devastating.”

Dr Ekberzade said that in Turkey, a severe wildfire in June – happening much earlier than usual – caught the authorities, researchers and forecasters by surprise. The fact that most fires were started by people makes them much harder to predict, she said.

Dr Voulgarakis said that in contrast, Greece has improved its ability to detect fires and extinguish them before they become too large. But it could do more about prevention.

“These are areas where we’re not well-prepared,” he said. “Because it takes time, and because it takes more strong political will.” BLOOMBERG