BOULDER – Sea ice that packs the ocean around Antarctica hit record low levels this winter, the United States National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) said on Monday, adding to scientists’ fears that the impact of climate change at the southern pole is ramping up.

Researchers warn the shift can have dire consequences for animals like penguins who breed and rear their young on sea ice, while also hastening global warming by reducing how much sunlight is reflected by white ice back into space.

Antarctic sea ice extent peaked in 2023 on Sept 10, when it covered 16.96 million sq km, the lowest winter maximum since satellite records began in 1979, the NSIDC said. 

That is about a million sq km less ice than the previous winter record set in 1986.

“It’s not just a record-breaking year, it’s an extreme record-breaking year,” said NSIDC senior scientist Walt Meier.

NSIDC in a statement said the figures were preliminary, with a full analysis to be released in October.

Seasons are reversed in the Southern Hemisphere with sea ice generally peaking around September near the end of winter and later melting to its lowest point in February or March as summer draws to a close.

The summer Antarctic sea ice extent also hit a record low in February, breaking the previous mark set in 2022.

The Arctic has been hit hard by climate change over the last decade, with sea ice rapidly deteriorating as the northern region warms four times faster than the global average.

While climate change is contributing to melting glaciers in Antarctica, it has been less certain how warming temperatures are impacting sea ice near the southern pole.

Sea ice extent there grew between 2007 and 2016. 

The shift in recent years towards record-low conditions has scientists concerned climate change may finally be presenting itself in Antarctic sea ice. 

While Dr Meier cautioned it is too soon to say, an academic article published earlier in September in the journal Communications Earth And Environment pointed to climate change as a potential factor.

The study found that warming ocean temperatures, driven mainly by human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, are contributing to the lower sea ice levels seen since 2016.

“The key message here is that to protect these frozen parts of the world that are really important for a whole number of reasons,” said study co-author Ariaan Purich, a sea ice researcher at Australia’s Monash University.

“We really need to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions,” she added. REUTERS