WASHINGTON (REUTERS) - The coordinator for the United Nations body monitoring enforcement of sanctions on North Korea said on Wednesday (April 20) a stepped up focus was needed on cybercrime, which had become fundamental to Pyongyang's ability to finance its banned weapons programmes.
Mr Eric Penton-Voak, of the UN Security Council's Panel of Experts on North Korea, noted that despite the widest sanctions regime ever imposed by the UN on a nation state, North Korea had markedly accelerated its missile testing, particularly over the past six months.
"It may be no coincidence that the words cyber and cryptocurrency do not actually appear in the UN sanctions resolutions," he told a discussion hosted by Washington's Centre for a New American Security think tank.
Mr Penton-Voak said he believed cyber activity had become "absolutely fundamental" to North Korea's ability to evade UN sanctions to raise money for its nuclear and missile programmes, but biannual reports of the experts' panel had not reflected this as member states had been reluctant to report breaches.
"We rely on UN member states to inform us about breaches in order to investigate. But many, many member states are quite cautious about their own cyber capabilities," he said.
"Victims for their part are often very reluctant to discuss how hacks happened and how extensive they were... I do hope and expect that our reports in the future will rather better reflect the central importance of cyber-enabled financial crime to (North Korea)."
Mr Penton-Voak said North Korean hackers were at the cutting edge of cyber technology, as shown by the recent hack of the Axie Infinity video game.
The United States last week linked North Korean hackers to the theft of hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of cryptocurrency tied to Axie Infinity.
Ronin, a blockchain network that lets users transfer crypto in and out of the game, said digital cash worth almost US$615 million (S$838 million) was stolen on March 23.
A post on the official Ronin blog said the US' Federal Bureau of Investigation had attributed the hack to the Lazarus Group, a hacking entity the Washington says is controlled by the Reconnaissance General Bureau, North Korea's primary intelligence bureau.
It has been accused of involvement in the WannaCry ransomware attacks, hacking of international banks and customer accounts, and 2014 cyber-attacks on Sony Pictures Entertainment.
Washington has been pushing the UN Security Council to blacklist Lazarus and freeze its assets, according to a draft resolution reviewed by Reuters last week.
