Two separate tuberculosis clusters involving a total of 18 people who visited the Singapore Pools Bedok Betting Centre have been identified.
No common links have been found other than that they all frequently visited the Bedok centre over periods ranging from months to years and spent prolonged stretches there watching horse-racing telecasts. The cases did not know one another and had not identified one another as close contacts.
Tuberculosis, also known as TB, a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs, spreads through tiny droplets released into the air through coughs and sneezes.
While the disease is highly contagious, patients rapidly become non-infectious once treatment starts.
The last TB cluster was detected in October at Block 174D Hougang Avenue 1, after four people living in four different units were found to be infected.
The 18 cases from the two new clusters were diagnosed between February 2015 and October last year. The link among five cases in the first cluster diagnosed between July 2018 and February last year was established and the Ministry of Health (MOH) notified on July 28 last year.
The 13 cases in the second cluster were diagnosed between February 2015 and October last year and brought to the MOH's attention between Dec 1 and Jan 11.
"The cases had immediately started treatment following diagnosis and are not a current ongoing public health risk," said the MOH yesterday, adding that the risk of transmission to people who are not close contacts is very low.
TB can be cured with a combination of different drugs taken for six to nine months.
It was prevalent in Singapore until the 1970s, so older folk could have acquired an infection when younger.
It is estimated that between 2 per cent and 29 per cent of Singaporeans have latent TB infections. Those with latent TB do not experience symptoms and are not infectious, but about 10 per cent of this group may develop active TB over the course of their lifetime.
Symptoms of an active infection may include a persistent cough that lasts at least three weeks, low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss and chest pain.
Close contacts of the 18 cases had already been contacted by the Singapore TB Elimination Programme (STEP) for screening. As a precaution, patrons who visited the Singapore Pools Bedok Betting Centre between Feb 12 and March 25 last year will also be contacted for screening. This will be done free of charge at the Tuberculosis Control Unit in Moulmein Road.
Voluntary screening will also be offered to patrons who spent prolonged periods of cumulative days at the betting centre between 2018 and March 25 last year.
The Singapore Pools said yesterday evening: "The health and safety of our employees, customers and the public are our top priority. We are providing full assistance to...STEP. We encourage (customers) who are contacted by STEP for screening to do so."
A Singapore Pools spokesman added that additional preventive measures have been put in place at the Bedok centre, including more fans to improve the air flow.
He said: "Staff have been reminded to look out for customers who may be in poor health, especially if they're coughing, and to advise them to see a doctor.
"In addition, we are looking to install ultraviolet germicidal radiation machines before (the centre) resumes live-betting operations in the coming months."
