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How serious is the Russia-China threat to Japan?
In the event of a Sino-Japanese crisis over disputed islands or Taiwan, Russia can have a decisive impact without direct military involvement.
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A joint Sino-Russian naval exercise codenamed "Northern/Interaction 2023" in the Sea of Japan in late July.
PHOTO: REUTERS
James D.J. Brown
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The Cabinet of Prime Minister Fumio Kishida approved Japan’s latest defence White Paper
This is a strengthening of Tokyo’s language from previous years. However, what is the precise nature of the threat posed to Japan by joint military activities between its large, authoritarian neighbours?

