US bookstores are booming and becoming more diverse

NEW YORK (NYTIMES) - People told Ms Lucy Yu it was a crazy time to open a bookstore in New York City's Chinatown.

It was early 2021, and the pandemic had devastated the neighbourhood, forcing dozens of stores and restaurants to close. The rise of anti-Asian hate crimes had shaken residents and local business owners.

But Ms Yu, 27, believed that a bookstore was just what the neighbourhood needed. She raised around US$20,000 (S$28,000) on GoFundMe, enough to rent a narrow storefront - a former funeral supply store - in Mulberry Street in downtown Manhattan.

A neighbourhood grant gave her US$2,000 for shelves and books. And in December 2021, she opened Yu And Me Books, which specialises in titles by and about immigrants and people of colour. The store was profitable within four months, she said.

Yu And Me Books is one of more than 300 new independent bookstores that have sprouted across the United States in the past couple of years, in a surprising and welcome revival after an early pandemic slump.

And, as the number of stores has grown, the bookselling business - traditionally overwhelmingly white - has also become much more diverse.

"People were hungry for a place focused on Asian-American and immigrant stories," said Ms Yu, who worked as a chemical engineer and supply-chain manager before opening the store.

"That's something I was always searching for when I went to bookstores, and I wanted people to come here and not have to search."

Two years ago, the future of independent bookselling looked bleak. As the coronavirus pandemic forced retailers to shut down, hundreds of small booksellers around the US seemed doomed. Bookstore sales fell nearly 30 per cent in 2020, US Census Bureau data showed.

The publishing industry was braced itself for a blow to its retail ecosystem, one that could permanently reshape the way readers discover and buy books.

Instead, something unexpected happened: Small booksellers have not only survived the pandemic, but many are thriving.

"It's kind of shocking when you think about what dire straits the stores were in," said Ms Allison Hill, chief executive of the American Booksellers Association, a trade organisation for independent bookstores. "We saw a rally like we've never seen before."

The association has 2,023 member stores in 2,561 locations, up from 1,689 in July 2020. Some of the growth reflects the renewal of memberships by existing stores that put off doing it in 2021 amid the uncertainly caused by the pandemic.

But there has also been a sharp and sustained rise in new bookshops, and more than 200 additional stores are preparing to open in the next year or two, Ms Hill said.

Many stores have also seen a bump in profits. In a survey of booksellers in the first half of 2022, the association found that about 80 per cent of respondents said they saw higher sales in 2021 than in 2020, and nearly 70 per cent said sales last year were higher than in 2019, Ms Hill said.

At Blue Willow Bookshop in Houston, revenue was up by 20 per cent in 2021, and the store made more money last year than it did in 2019, according to the owner, Ms Valerie Koehler.

Mr Mitchell Kaplan, founder of Books & Books, an independent chain in South Florida, said sales were up more than 60 per cent in 2021 compared with 2020.

Many of the new stores that opened during the pandemic are run by non-white booksellers. Among them are The Salt Eaters Bookshop in Inglewood, California, which specialises in books by and about black women, girls and non-binary people; the Libros Bookmobile, a Latina-owned mobile bookstore in a converted school bus in Taylor, Texas, which stocks fiction in Spanish and English; and Reader's Block, a black-owned bookshop in Stratford, Connecticut.

The rapid growth of physical bookshops is especially surprising at a time when bricks-and-mortar stores face crushing competition from Amazon and other online retailers.

Many bookstore owners are also confronting new uncertainty from a grim outlook for the overall economy - labour shortages, supply-chain snafus, rising rents and interest rates, higher costs of goods and a looming recession that could drive down consumer spending.

But one unexpected outcome of the pandemic was the way many communities rallied around their local bookstores in a time of crisis.

When in-person shopping plummeted during the shutdown, bookstores rapidly scaled up online sales operations and found other ways to keep their customers, with services such as curbside pick-up, home delivery, outdoor pop-up stores and bookmobiles.

Readers, it turned out, were eager for print books during the pandemic, and the spike in sales continued into 2021, when publishers sold nearly 827 million print books, an increase of roughly 10 per cent from 2020, according to NPD BookScan.

One recent afternoon in Chinatown, a steady stream of shoppers browsed and chatted with Ms Yu at her shop, which carries some 2,000 titles and sits on a stretch of Mulberry Street near a funeral home, a dumpling shop and a dry cleaner. In the back of the store, customers settled into a cosy reading nook.

"I've seen some dates going down in there," Ms Yu said. "Good ones. Bad ones."

One shopper asked if she could recommend a cookbook for a housewarming present. Ms Yu handed her a stack of options.

Another customer, author Ava Chin, who works in a writing studio in the neighbourhood, stopped by to see if a book she had ordered had arrived. Ms Yu found it: Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments by Saidiya Hartman.

Chin, whose family has lived in Chinatown for generations, said the store has become a gathering spot for artistic and literary-minded locals, and something of an Asian-American literary hub.

Its packed calendar includes a bilingual poetry reading with poet Yam Gong, a book launch for writer and essayist Larissa Pham, and a signing with novelist Marie Myung-Ok Lee.

At a moment when anti-Asian hate crimes have surged, the store has also come to feel like a safe haven, Chin said. In March 2022, the shop held an event to raise awareness, and distributed more than 1,000 safety alarms and pepper spray canisters.

"It's not just a bookstore. It really is a de facto community space," Chin said. "I don't think we realised we needed a bookstore until we had one."