LG sees battery breakthrough by 2028 that has eluded Tesla

SEOUL – LG Energy Solution is aiming to commercialise what has been described as game-changing battery-making technology by 2028, opening a path for the South Korean cell manufacturer to become more competitive with Chinese rivals.

Companies from Tesla to Samsung SDI are working on dry-coating technology, a process that aims to replace the energy-intensive wet process for making cathode and anode electrodes – a key component of electric car batteries.

The search for cheaper and more environmentally friendly ways to produce batteries is becoming increasingly urgent as electric vehicle demand cools.

“Among battery competitors, LG is the top” in terms of dry-coating technology, Mr Kim Je-young, who became LG Energy Solution’s chief technology officer in December, told Bloomberg News at the company’s headquarters in Seoul. “We started 10 years ago.”

LG plans to complete a pilot production line for its dry-coating process in the fourth quarter and start full-scale production in 2028, Mr Kim said.

It is the first time LG has disclosed a timeline for commercialising the technology. Mr Kim estimates the dry method can lower battery manufacturing costs by between 17 per cent and 30 per cent.

Tesla, which acquired a dry-coating start-up called Maxwell Technologies in 2019, has attempted to implement the technology to produce its 4680 battery cells in Austin, Texas, with limited success.

Wet coating requires costly, energy-intensive steps of dissolving chemicals in toxic solvents that are then dried in a nearly 100m-long oven at temperatures as high as 200 deg C on the battery production line.

With dry coating, battery makers can save on energy, equipment costs and space. They do not have to invest in drying ovens or solvent recovery systems.

Volkswagen, which is also trying to develop dry coating at its in-house battery company, PowerCo, has called the technology a “game-changer” because it could enable companies to use 30 per cent less energy and 50 per cent less space.

LG is betting on a leapfrog innovation such as dry coating to bolster its efforts to compete with Chinese battery makers. Its share of the electric vehicle (EV) battery market has fallen to 12.6 per cent so far in 2024 versus 14.6 per cent a year earlier.

That is due in large part to the expansion of Chinese players such as Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) and BYD. The average price of a lithium-iron-phosphate, or LFP, battery in China plunged 44 per cent to US$53 (S$72) per kilowatt-hour through April, according to BloombergNEF.

Batteries have three major components: two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) and an electrolyte that helps shuttle the charge between them. The materials used to make those components determine how much energy batteries store and at what cost.

Tesla promoted the dry method for electrodes in 2020. But the US EV maker has been able to implement the process only on the anode part of the battery, not the cathode, according to Reuters. Tesla did not respond to a request for comment on its battery development.

Making the cathode with dry processing is more difficult than the anode because cathodes tend to be made from materials that are harder to handle, experts say.

The dry electrode manufacturing process that LG is developing can be applied to both cathodes and anodes, regardless of the size of the cathode particles, Mr Kim said. Applying dry electrode manufacturing to cathodes with smaller size particles is very challenging, he added.

Aside from Tesla, companies such as Panasonic Holdings, CATL, EVE Energy and Svolt Energy Technology, are working on dry electrode technology to apply to the high energy-density 4680 cells, according to an April report from SNE Research.

“Everyone is jumping into this technology because Tesla started it,” automotive professor Park Chul-wan at Seojeong University said. “All of Korea’s three battery makers are still at an early stage of the dry process.” BLOOMBERG