WASHINGTON - Slowing inflation and a cooling property sector are fuelling expectations that the US central bank can adopt a smaller interest rate hike this week, as policymakers assess current efforts to rein in prices.
As consumer inflation rocketed to decades-high levels in 2022, the Federal Reserve raised rates seven times in an aggressive campaign to cool the world’s biggest economy and lower costs.
Since then, the interest-sensitive property sector has slumped, retail sales have weakened and wage growth has started to ease, prompting some Fed policymakers to suggest it may be time to slow the pace of rate hikes further.
“A slower pace of rate hikes will give the committee time to assess the full economic effects of monetary tightening thus far,” said Moody’s Investors Service in a report.
Markets expect the Fed to adopt a 25-basis-point hike at the end of a two-day meeting on Wednesday, slowing the pace of increases for a second time in a row. This would take the benchmark lending rate to 4.50-4.75 per cent, a level last seen in 2007. In December, the Fed announced a 50-basis-point hike, stepping down from four earlier, steeper spikes.
“They are seeing the desired effects of policy,” said Ms Rubeela Farooqi of High Frequency Economics. “They don’t want to keep on pushing until they get the economy into a recession,” she said.
But the inflation fight “is far from won”, warned the Moody’s report.
Although demand appears to be moderating and supply bottlenecks have eased, spending has been stronger than expected.
This has prevented inflation from falling more rapidly and suggests the Fed’s “terminal rate” – the level at which it will halt its increases – remains uncertain.
For inflation to come down to the Fed’s target, “we will need a little bit of softening in the labour market”, Ms Madhavi Bokil of Moody’s Investors Service said. This could show up in a slower pace of hiring and fewer vacancies.
Wages do not appear to be driving inflation up, but they do lend some support to consumer spending as households draw down on pandemic-era savings.
Salary gains remained high in 2022, while employers were reluctant to shed workers they may have struggled to find since the pandemic, keeping the labour market tight.
On the other hand, the fact that the labour market has not slumped in response to tightening monetary policy brings optimism for a “soft landing” of the economy, where inflation comes down without triggering significant job losses or a major downturn.
“No one ever said that arranging a soft landing is easy, but our base case remains that if the Fed stops raising rates soon, the risk of a severe recession is quite small,” said Mr Ian Shepherdson of Pantheon Macroeconomics.
If the Fed raises rates too far, a “bigger danger” would be an unnecessary recession, he said.
“However much the Fed might want to be sure the inflation demon is put back in its box”, dragging inflation below policymakers’ 2 per cent target and an “accompanying rise in unemployment would represent a policy failure”, said Mr Shepherdson. AFP
