NEW DELHI – Jamila, a widow living in Herat city, lost her husband in a suicide attack about eight years ago. She has an 18-year-old daughter who is blind and a 20-year-old son who lost both legs in a mine blast.

Jamila used to be a housemaid who baked bread for people in their homes. With the income she earned through her work, she was able to feed her daughter and son, according to research that was carried out by Ahmad, a former lecturer at Herat University, and shared with me.

Since the Taliban gained control of the country, Afghanistan has been on the brink of universal hardship. As many as 97 per cent of people are now estimated to be living in poverty, up from 72 per cent in 2018. The recent Taliban ban on women working in international and national organisations and women moving about in public spaces has also affected women’s ability to find employment.

Because of the situation, Jamila has lost her clients and is struggling to cope. She could not pay her rent, and the landlord asked her to leave the place she had been renting. She now lives in a small room that a kind family let her use, in the yard of their home. She has no source of income.

Previously, about 10 per cent of educated women in Afghanistan worked in national or international organisations to support their children.

If they were less educated, they had a range of formal and informal jobs, including working as housemaids, baking bread, washing clothes, cleaning bathrooms and babysitting, and in rural communities, they might be rearing small livestock and growing wheat, maize and vegetables.

Jamila said that previously, under the former government, her family received a monthly salary from the State Ministry for Martyrs and Disabled Affairs, which would pay families of military veterans or those killed in the fighting. The money gave her and her family enough money for bread.

Jamila is not an exception. She is one of thousands of women who have lost their jobs as a result of the new decrees. Many are acutely malnourished and don’t know where their next meal is coming from.

Single women and widows have practically no way of earning money. On-the-ground reports reveal that many households are supported by women, as male members of their families were either killed or injured in the ongoing conflict.

It is not just food, but also shelter, water, fuel and warmth that contribute to survival, especially in bitterly cold temperatures.

Ahmad, the former lecturer, said: “Since Covid-19, my wife and I have tried to raise funds from friends to help poor families (especially widows). Very cold weather has been forecast for the western zone of Afghanistan in February. My wife is also very frustrated and helpless in the current situation. But the plight of women-headed households, lacking adult males, is especially dire. In the absence of any social connection, they are increasingly food-insecure, with few options to feed and care for their children.”

This follows Taliban decrees banning women from education at the secondary and university levels and not allowing them to travel without a mahram (a male close relative as chaperone). The Taliban also ordered the closure of all beauty salons, public bathrooms and sports centres for women, which were important sectors of employment for women.

Overall, the dire situation in Afghanistan has increased the incidence of extreme hunger and malnutrition for both men and women, but women without husbands are being pushed into even more extreme poverty.

According to the United Nations’ resident and humanitarian coordinator Ramiz Alakbarov, “a staggering 95 per cent of Afghans are not getting enough to eat, with that number rising to almost 100 per cent in female-headed households”.

The January 2023 high-level UN delegation led by Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed called on the Taliban authorities to reverse the various decrees limiting women’s and girls’ rights for the sake of peace and sustainable development.

While the backlash against women’s rights needs to be urgently addressed, the crisis of food and nutrition security facing single women, widows and women separated from their families, is not being recognised by many outside the country.

According to the 2015 Demographic Health Survey, only 1.7 per cent of Afghan households were headed by women. The January 2022 report from the UN World Food Programme places this at 4 per cent.

As a former employee of the Afghanistan Central Statistical Organisation, responsible for population data collection in four districts of Bamiyan province, told us: “It is very difficult to collect accurate population data.” She said that previous data concerning women-headed households was now likely to be invalid.

While women’s rights are under attack in Afghanistan, the full effect of the ban on women’s work and mobility on single women, widows and other women is yet to be fully recognised.

While appeals for help to the UN by teachers, professionals and civil society activists are rising by the day, negotiations are not progressing, and the delivery of humanitarian assistance is becoming increasingly challenging.

It’s difficult to estimate how long local communities, themselves struggling to survive, can keep women-led households and their families alive. THE STATESMAN/ASIA NEWS NETWORK

• The writer is a contributor to The Statesman newspaper, which is a member of The Straits Times’ media partner Asia News Network, an alliance of 22 news media titles.