India to tackle global obesity with cheap, Ozempic knock-off jabs

MUMBAI – A deluge of weight-loss drugs is set to transform the global fight against obesity, as India prepares to unleash low-cost generic versions of injections like Ozempic after a key patent expired on March 20.

The move will dramatically widen access to treatments that have long been considered a luxury, especially in middle-income countries, where soaring demand for such medications has collided with steep prices.

At clinics across Mumbai, doctors say they are already preparing for an influx in new patients.

More than 50 people walk into endocrinologist Nadeem Rais’ office every week seeking weight-loss injections.

“We have around 70 to 80 patients on active treatment right now,” he said.

“When generics come out and prices drop, that could go up to 200 easily.”

His colleague, Dr Sunera Ghai, agrees, saying that demand is “very high” but many “probably aren’t taking it just because it is truly a luxury item at this point”.

The breakthrough comes as the patent on semaglutide – the active ingredient in drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy – expired on March 20 in India, the world’s largest supplier of generic medicines.

By the end of 2026, core patents on semaglutide will have expired in 10 countries that represent 48 per cent of the global obesity burden, according to a study published earlier in March by researchers.

These include Brazil, China, South Africa, Turkey and Canada, the study said.

For India’s drug giants, this marks the start of an aggressive new race.

At least four major firms have already prepared generic semaglutide injections, according to regulatory filings and compliance documents.

Some, including Zydus Lifesciences, have announced “Day 1” launches, suggesting generic versions may become available as soon as this weekend in India.

Research firm Pharmarack estimates the Indian market will soon be flooded with options.

“What we understand is, there will be more than 50 brands that will be launched in the market and there are more than 40 players who will be launching these drugs,” Pharmarack’s vice-president Sheetal Sapale said.

The timing aligns with India’s shifting health landscape.

While the country still accounts for a third of the world’s under-nutrition, according to the World Health Organization, rising incomes and urban lifestyles have pushed obesity rates sharply upward.

Government data released in March 2025 shows 24 per cent of women and 23 per cent of men are overweight or obese in India.

“Once a person starts earning money, he becomes more sedentary here,” said bariatric surgeon Sanjay Borude.

In the First World, when people earn more money, they become more active and also devote more time to their health, Dr Borude said.

“This is reversed in India.”

These flipped economics have worked well for big pharma players like Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk that have been cashing in on the market.

India’s weight-loss drug sales have grown tenfold in five years to US$153 million (S$196 million) as of 2026, and are projected to soar to over half a billion by 2030.

But using such drugs can cause side effects including nausea and gastrointestinal issues.

Breaking price barrier

Eli Lilly’s Mounjaro became India’s top-selling drug by value in 2025, surpassing even common antibiotics.

Still, high prices – often 15,000 rupees (S$205) to 22,000 rupees a month – limit access, says Dr Swati Pradhan, who runs a weight-loss clinic in Mumbai.

She expects patient numbers to rise once generics push treatment costs closer to 5,000 rupees a month.

The global impact may prove even more profound.

India supplies more than half of Africa’s generic medicines, and cheaper semaglutide could become a lifeline for countries where obesity is rising rapidly but treatment remains unaffordable.

“Lower-cost semaglutide could significantly expand access to effective treatment, particularly in middle-income countries where price has been a major barrier,” said Mr Simon Barquera, the president of the World Obesity Federation.

“Generic products are an important step in breaking the access barrier, now that the scientific one has been overcome.”

Indian companies will be a key driving force, with Dr Reddy’s Laboratories aiming to launch its version of semaglutide in Canada by May 2026.

For patients like 46-year-old Sukant Mangal, who lost nearly 14kg in eight months, wider access could not come soon enough.

Many people he knows simply abandoned treatment mid-way when they realised they would have to spend 20,000 rupees a month for seven to eight months.

“Had it been cheaper, (it) would’ve been much easier to have it,” he said. AFP