India expulsions to Bangladesh unlawful, target Muslims: Human Rights Watch
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Indian police officers rounding up men whom they believe to be undocumented Bangladeshi nationals in Ahmedabad on April 26.
PHOTO: REUTERS
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NEW DELHI – India has pushed hundreds of ethnic Bengali-speaking Muslims into Bangladesh without due process, Human Rights Watch (HRW) said on July 24, accusing the government of flouting rules and fuelling bias on religious lines.
The Hindu nationalist government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi has long taken a hardline stance on immigrants, particularly those from neighbouring Muslim-majority Bangladesh – with the top authorities referring to them as “termites” and “infiltrators”.
Critics also accuse the government of sparking fear among India’s estimated 200 million Muslims, especially among speakers of Bengali, a widely spoken language in both eastern India and Bangladesh.
The New York-based HRW said India forcibly expelled more than 1,500 Muslim men, women and children to Bangladesh between May 7 and June 15, quoting the Bangladeshi authorities.
“India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party is fuelling discrimination by arbitrarily expelling Bengali Muslims from the country, including Indian citizens,” said Ms Elaine Pearson, Asia director at the non-governmental organisation.
“The Indian government is putting thousands of vulnerable people at risk in apparent pursuit of unauthorised immigrants, but its actions reflect broader discriminatory policies against Muslims.”
New Delhi insists that the people deported are undocumented migrants.
However, claims by the authorities that the expulsions were to manage illegal immigration were “unconvincing”, Ms Pearson added, because of “their disregard for due process rights, domestic guarantees and international human rights standards”.
They were holding guns
HRW said it had sent the report’s findings and questions to the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs but had received no response. The report documented the experiences of 18 people.
A 51-year-old daily wage worker told HRW that he “walked into Bangladesh like a dead body” after India’s Border Security Force took him to the border after midnight.
“I thought they (the officers) would kill me because they were holding guns, and no one from my family would know,” the report quotes the worker as saying.
Bangladesh, largely encircled by land by India, has seen relations with New Delhi turn icy since a mass uprising in 2024 toppled Dhaka’s government, an ally of India.
India also ramped up operations against migrants in the wake of an attack in Indian-administered Kashmir in April 2025 that killed 26 people, mainly Hindu tourists.
New Delhi accused neighbouring Pakistan of supporting the attack, an allegation denied by Islamabad.
In an unprecedented countrywide security drive, the Indian authorities detained thousands, with many of them being eventually pushed across the border to Bangladesh.
“The government is undercutting India’s long history of providing refuge to the persecuted as it tries to generate political support,” Ms Pearson said.
India has also been accused of forcibly deporting Muslim Rohingya refugees who are from Myanmar, with navy ships dropping them off the coast of the war-torn nation. AFP
