MANILA (AFP) - Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has ordered the police to arrest anyone not wearing a mask properly, including having it below the nose, as the country battles to contain surging coronavirus infections.

Mr Duterte issued the directive after a meeting with his Covid-19 task force - where everyone except him can be seen wearing the mandatory face covering - an official video released late on Wednesday (May 5) showed.

Thousands of people have been punished for violating Covid-19 rules since the end of March, when restrictions were tightened in the capital and its surrounding provinces after a spike in cases.

The Justice Secretary and police chief have urged officers to fine offenders or make them do community service instead of arresting them, following the death of a man who was forced to do 100 squats as punishment for breaking curfew.

But Mr Duterte said the police should get tough on rule breakers and arrest those not wearing a mask properly - including those who leave their nose exposed.

"My orders to the police are those who are not wearing their masks properly... arrest them and detain them, investigate why they are doing it," the President said.

"It's not for me, it's not for us. It's for the interest of the country so you won't infect and you won't be infected."

Last year, Mr Duterte told security forces to shoot dead anyone causing "trouble" in areas under lockdown, drawing condemnation from rights groups.

Mr Duterte's spokesman Harry Roque confirmed the arrest order on Thursday, saying violators could be held for up to 12 hours without charge.

Rights group Karapatan slammed the latest directive as "brazenly unscientific and ineffective", as well as a "disproportionate use of force".

"Over-congestion and inhumane conditions in the country's detention facilities already pose risks to the health of prisoners - and detaining hundreds of alleged violators in these cramped facilities where physical distancing is impossible to observe would only facilitate the rapid spread of infectious diseases such as Covid-19," it said in a statement.

Police and soldiers have played a key role in the country's pandemic response, setting up checkpoints and deploying thousands of personnel to enforce stay-at-home orders.

The Philippines' caseload of more than one million infections is the second-highest in South-east Asia.