Climate, environmental changes put 90% of world’s marine food at risk: Study

SINGAPORE - More than 90 per cent of the world’s marine food supplies are at risk from environmental changes such as

rising temperatures

and pollution, with top producers like China, Norway and the United States facing the biggest threat, new research showed on Monday.

“Blue food” includes more than 2,190 species of fish, shellfish, plants and algae as well as more than 540 species farmed in fresh water, helping to sustain 3.2 billion people worldwide.

But not enough is being done to adapt to growing environmental risks, a study published in the Nature Sustainability journal said.

“Although we have made some progress with climate change, our adaptation strategies for blue food systems facing environmental change are still underdeveloped and need urgent attention,” said Ms Rebecca Short, researcher at the Stockholm Resilience Centre and co-lead author.

Overproduction in the industry, which has driven the destruction of wetland habitats, has caused significant environmental damage but other “stressors” are also impacting the quantity and quality of blue foods.

They include rising sea levels and temperatures, ocean acidification, changes in rainfall, as well as

non-climate factors like algal blooms

and pollution from mercury, pesticides or antibiotics.

“Vulnerability caused by human-induced environmental change... puts blue food production under a lot of pressure,” said Dr Ling Cao of China’s Xiamen University, who co-wrote the paper.

“We know aquaculture and fisheries support billions of people for their livelihoods and their nutritional security.”

China, Japan, India and Vietnam account for more than 45 per cent of global landings and 85 per cent of aquaculture production, and the study said reducing their vulnerability should be a priority. Small island nations that depend on seafood are also especially vulnerable.

Dr Cao said a United Nations treaty on sustainable development in the high seas, signed in March, could enable stakeholders to act in the common interest in protecting blue food resources, but other risks are on the horizon.

Nauru in the Pacific Ocean is at the forefront of efforts to mine ocean beds for metals, which environmentalists say can cause immense damage to marine life. Norway, another major seafood producer, came under fire last week after announcing it would open up sea areas to mining.

“Ocean floor mining will have an impact on the wild fisheries population,” said Dr Cao. “Many scientists are now calling on governments to evaluate where they do ocean mining in order to minimise the impact.” REUTERS