TOKYO (BLOOMBERG) - Japan's heat is taking a toll on the summer Olympics, making it more difficult for athletes already facing challenges from the Covid-19 pandemic to compete at their highest level.
A Russian archer fainted last Friday (July 23) as Tokyo's temperatures climbed to as high as 34 deg C, while tennis stars including Novak Djokovic have called for a delay in the starting time of their matches to avoid peak heat hours, according to media reports.
Athletes got a temporary respite on Tuesday as a tropical storm ushered in cooler weather, but higher temperatures have returned and are expected to remain throughout the Games as Tokyo's summer gets into full swing.
"The heat is tough - it's very humid, dense heat," US rugby player Ilona Maher told Bloomberg on Wednesday.
"Our dietitian and trainer create ways to somehow cool our bodies - whether it's cool towels or we eat popsicles."
While heat waves across the globe this summer are causing extreme weather from the United States to China and Europe, Tokyo's sweltering temperatures are roughly within the range seen in recent years. Still, climate change has made the city dramatically hotter over the decades, and these Games have the potential to rank as the most scorching in Olympics history.
Tokyo's mean temperature has climbed by 2.86 deg C since 1900, more than three times as fast as the world's average, according to a report by the British Association for Sustainable Sport. The study, titled "Rings of Fire: How Heat Could Impact the 2021 Tokyo Olympics", warned earlier this year that athletes are increasingly being asked to compete in environments that are becoming "too hostile" for the human body.
The hottest Olympics since 1964 has been the Athens Games in 2004, according to the report, with a mean daily temperature of 27.6 deg C and a maximum of 34.2 deg C. Tokyo could top that, with the Japan Meteorological Agency forecasting lows of around 25 deg C and highs of 32 to 33 deg C.
Tokyo's heat index - the "feels like" number beloved of TV weathermen - is forecast to average 31.3 deg C during this year's Olympics, higher than any other Games dating back to 1988, according to Bloomberg data.
Across Japan, the number of people being taken to hospital with heatstroke roughly doubled to 8,122 in the week through to Sunday compared with the previous week, according to the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. The situation raises even greater risks for those pushing their bodies to the limit during competition under direct exposure from the sun.
"Both myself and my opponent struggled in the heat, we had light heatstroke during the match and cramps after," Japanese tennis player Taro Daniel tweeted on Sunday after a weekend match in Tokyo.
Organisers have tried to take measures to alleviate the situation, including moving the marathon and competitive walking events to the northern island of Hokkaido to escape the heat. But in a twist of fate, the northern-most prefecture of Japan is now seeing record temperatures, with Asahikawa city hitting a record 36.2 deg C on Tuesday.
"A lot of the competition schedules have been built, where possible depending on the sport, to avoid the hottest part of the day, but that's not possible with every sport," Mr Kit McConnell, International Olympic Committee sports director, told reporters on Sunday.
"On top of that there's really extensive heat countermeasures across all of the training and all of the competition."
The weather situation during the current Olympics is far from the experience during the 1964 Summer Games in Tokyo, when temperatures were much lower. That is not entirely due to global warming - it is mostly because organisers decided to hold those games in October, to escape Tokyo's summer heat.
The IOC is confident the Olympics will get past all the challenges this year. "I think we have to consider that sports in Japan can go ahead and does go ahead," said spokesman Mark Adams.
