China’s Xi warns officials against chasing ‘reckless’ GDP expansion

BEIJING – Chinese President Xi Jinping lashed out at inflated growth numbers and vowed to crack down on the pursuit of “reckless” projects that have no purpose except showing superficial results.

“All plans must be based on facts, aiming for solid, genuine growth without exaggeration, and promoting high-quality, sustainable development,” Mr Xi said last week, according to a report on Dec 14 in the People’s Daily, the Communist Party’s official newspaper.

“Those who act recklessly and aggressively without regard for reality, impose excessive demands, or deploy resources without careful consideration, must be held strictly accountable,” he said at the Central Economic Work Conference. 

Mr Xi used stark language to call for quality in economic gains and listed examples of wrongdoing such as unnecessarily huge industrial parks, disorderly expansion of local exhibitions and forums, inflated statistics and “fake construction kick-offs”.

The surprisingly direct and specific comments highlight the Chinese leader’s concern over the quality of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) and the use of financial resources, particularly as rising local debt is constraining the government’s ability to spend.

Access to data in China can be sensitive and controlled, making it hard for observers to assess the health of the economy. 

Mr Xi said officials should not be assessed only on the basis of the GDP growth rate, but also relative to their achievements in ensuring people’s well-being and maintaining stability.

What they do to lay a solid foundation for the economy in the long run is as important as what they do to stimulate growth now, he added.

The remarks seem to suggest that Mr Xi wants a revamp of the existing metrics used to evaluate local officials. 

For years, the performance of the economy, especially measured by short-term growth numbers, has been a dominant factor in promotion decisions.

While helping China achieve rapid growth over the past few decades, the downside – such as a pile-up of local debts and overcapacity resulting from a rush into the same sectors – became more pronounced only in recent years. 

Speaking at the work conference, Mr Xi called for making “the assessment system more targeted and scientific, so that it works effectively like a conductor’s baton”.

As positive examples of achievements with long-term benefits, Mr Xi highlighted breakthroughs in technological self-reliance, an improvement in air quality and growth in renewable energy. He said progress in these areas was made possible through persistent efforts, according to the report. 

The Chinese leader also warned that “inefficient” investment, which results in projects being abandoned as soon as they are completed, must be prevented.

He urged officials to pay close attention to the recent slump in capital investment but asked them to deal with it calmly. 

Fixed asset investment fell 2.6 per cent in the first 11 months of 2025, putting it on track for the first annual decline since at least 1998, when comparable data begins.

The comments are similar to remarks Mr Xi made earlier in 2025, when he rebuked local officials for crowding into the same emerging sectors, and may indicate a growing frustration at the top with how policies are actually implemented.

“When it comes to launching new projects, it’s always the same few things: artificial intelligence, computing power, new-energy vehicles,” Mr Xi said in July, according to a People’s Daily article at the time.

“Should every province in the country be developing industries in these areas?” BLOOMBERG