Climate talks urged to find $1.3 trillion a year by the end of decade for poorer countries

BAKU, Azerbaijan – Pay now to help poorer countries cope with climate change or pay more later, negotiators were warned on Nov 14, as experts said poor states need at least US$1 trillion (S$1.3 trillion) per year by the end of the decade to move to greener energy and protect against extreme weather.

Money is a central focus

of the COP29 climate talks being held in Azerbaijan, and the success of the summit is likely to be judged on whether nations can agree a new target for how much richer nations, development lenders and the private sector must provide each year to developing countries to finance climate action.

A previous goal of US$100 billion per year, which expires in 2025, was met two years late in 2022, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development said earlier in 2024, although much of it was in the form of loans rather than grants, something recipient countries say needs to change.

Setting the tone at the start of the day, a report from the Independent High-Level Expert Group on Climate Finance said the target annual figure would need to rise to US$1.3 trillion a year by 2035, or potentially more if countries drag their feet now.

“Any shortfall in investment before 2030 will place added pressure on the years that follow, creating a steeper and potentially more costly path to climate stability,” the report said.

“The less the world achieves now, the more we will need to invest later,” it said.

Behind the scenes, negotiators are working on draft texts of a deal, but so far early-stage documents published by the UN climate body only reflect the huge range of different views around the table, with little sense of where the talks will end up.

Some negotiators said the latest text on finance was too long to work with, and they were waiting for a slimmed-down version before talks to hammer out a deal could begin.

Any deal is likely to be hard fought given a reluctance among many Western governments – on the hook to contribute since the Paris Agreement in 2015 – to give more unless countries, including China, agree to join them.

The likely withdrawal of the US from any future funding deal by incoming President Donald Trump

has also overshadowed talks

, raising pressure on delegates to find other ways to secure the needed funds.

Among them are the world’s multilateral development banks such as the World Bank, bankrolled by the richer countries and which are in the process of being reformed, so they can lend more.

A group of 10 of the largest have already flagged a plan to ramp up their climate finance by roughly 60 per cent to US$120 billion a year by 2030, with at least an extra US$65 billion from the private sector.

A push to raise fresh money by taxing polluting sectors such as aviation, fossil fuels and shipping, or financial transactions, received a boost as more countries said they would consider it, but any agreement is unlikely this time around.

On Nov 14, Mr Zakir Nuriyev, head of the Association of Banks of Azerbaijan, announced a commitment by the country’s 22 banks to commit nearly US$1.2 billion to finance projects that help Azerbaijan transition to a low-carbon economy.

Au revoir

Three days in, the conference has already included a handful of diplomatic spats.

French Climate Minister Agnes Pannier-Runacher on Nov 13 cancelled her trip to COP29, after Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev accused France of “crimes” in its overseas territories in the Caribbean.

“The voices of these communities are often brutally suppressed by the regimes in their metropolis,” Mr Aliyev told the conference.

France and Azerbaijan have long had tense relations because of Paris’ support of Azerbaijan’s rival Armenia.

In 2024, Paris accused Baku of meddling and abetting

violent unrest in New Caledonia

.

“Regardless of any bilateral disagreements, the COP should be a place where all parties feel at liberty to come and negotiate on climate action,” European Union Climate Commissioner Wopke Hoekstra said in response, in a post on X.

“The COP presidency has a particular responsibility to enable and enhance that,” he said.

That came after Mr Aliyev used his opening speech at the conference on Nov 11 to accuse the US and European Union of hypocrisy for lecturing countries on climate change while remaining major consumers and producers of fossil fuels.

Meanwhile, Argentina’s government has withdrawn its negotiators from the COP29 talks, two diplomats at the event told Reuters, although neither knew the reason for the decision.

Argentina’s President Javier Milei has previously called global warming a hoax. REUTERS