China’s PLA conducts first public test launch of intercontinental ballistic missile

BEIJING/TAIPEI – China publicly acknowledged for the first time that it successfully launched an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) into the Pacific Ocean on Sept 25, in a move likely to raise international concerns about the country’s nuclear build-up.

The ICBM, carrying a dummy warhead, was launched by the People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force at 8.44am Beijing time on Sept 25 and “fell into expected sea areas”, the Chinese Defence Ministry said in a statement, adding that it was a “routine arrangement in our annual training plan” and not directed at any country or target.

China “informed the countries concerned in advance”, according to a separate Xinhua report, which did not clarify the path of the missile or where exactly in the “high seas of the Pacific Ocean” it fell.

The launch “effectively tested the performance of weapons and equipment and the training level of the troops, and achieved the expected goal”, Xinhua reported.

A Japan Coast Guard official said it had received a navigation warning from China on Sept 23 for “space debris” in three zones in South China Sea and the Pacific north of the Philippines’ Luzon island, and in the South Pacific, on Sept 25.

The official declined to confirm whether it was related to the reported missile launch.

It is rare for China to fire long-range missiles into the sea as it prefers to test them unannounced in isolated regions such as Inner Mongolia, analysts said.

The PLA Rocket Force, which oversees the country’s conventional and nuclear missiles, has been tasked with modernising China’s nuclear forces to deter developments such as improved US missile defences, better surveillance capabilities and strengthened alliances.

Singapore-based security analyst Alexander Neill said that although confirmed details of the missile used were not yet clear, the test fitted a pattern of China simultaneously “engaging and warning”, noting improved military diplomacy between Beijing and Washington in recent months.

Given recent corruption scandals within the Rocket Force, it was important for China to display that it was “business as usual” at the highest military level, he said.

“This move is designed to show in clear terms that the means of delivering its strategic deterrent is still functioning,” said Mr Neill, an adjunct fellow with Hawaii’s Pacific Forum think-tank.

Some online trackers noted the launch of the missile from Hainan rather than from an inland silo, meaning it was most likely a test of China’s growing number of road-mobile long-range missiles.

Some analysts, however, say the speed of China’s nuclear build-up goes beyond credible minimum deterrence – the smallest strategic arsenal needed to prevent attacks.

Beijing has for years stuck to a “no first use” nuclear weapons policy, but analysts note the PLA is catching up with major nuclear powers by fielding a nascent triad of weapons that can fired from land, sea and air.

The Chinese military has emphasised that the Central Military Commission, headed by President Xi Jinping, is the only nuclear command authority.

China, which has been frequently criticised by the US for the opacity of its nuclear build-up,

scrapped nuclear talks with Washington in July over US arms sales to Taiwan.

China has more than 500 operational nuclear warheads in its arsenal, of which approximately 350 are ICBMs, and will probably have more than 1,000 warheads by 2030, the Pentagon estimated in 2023. China’s military is constructing hundreds of secret silos for land-based ICBMs, the Pentagon said in the report.

That compares to 1,770 and 1,710 operational warheads deployed by the US and Russia, respectively. The Pentagon said that by 2030, much of Beijing’s weapons will most likely be held at higher readiness levels.

Democratically governed Taiwan, which China claims as its own territory, has complained of increased Chinese military activities around the island in the past five years.

Taiwan’s Defence Ministry said on Sept 25 it had detected 23 Chinese military aircraft, including J-16 fighters and drones, operating around Taiwan carrying out long-range missions to the south-east and east of the island.

The ministry added that it had also recently detected “intensive” Chinese missile firing and other drills, though it did not give details of where they took place.

Taiwan has dispatched its own air and naval forces to keep watch, the ministry said. REUTERS