When their son, Jonah, was born in February 2018, his parents thought hard about whether he should be counted as a Singaporean.

Mr Stanley Lai and his wife Cheryln, who have been living in British Columbia, Canada, for about a decade, eventually signed him up for Singapore citizenship. They had moved there from Singapore separately - Mr Lai in 2009 for his undergraduate studies, and Mrs Lai with her family two years before that.