(BLOOMBERG) - Global investors from Tiger Global Management to Temasek are reeling after China imposed the harshest curbs yet on its US$100 billion (S$137 billion) private tutoring and online education sector.
China on Saturday (July 24) ordered companies that offer tutoring on the school curriculum to go non-profit, potentially wiping out a big chunk of the billions that private equity and venture capital funds have staked on a once red-hot sector.
The platforms have lost their ability to go public - depriving their backers of the exits they need to cash out. Foreign capital was banned from the sector, with uncertain ramifications for the likes of Singapore's Temasek and GIC, as well as Warburg Pincus and SoftBank's Vision Fund, which have all invested in many of the industry's big players.
Those in violation of that rule must take steps to rectify the situation, the country's most powerful administrative authority said, without elaborating.
Beijing on Saturday published a plethora of regulations that together threaten to upend the sector. The nationwide crackdown stems from a deeper backlash against the industry, as excessive tutoring torments youth and burdens parents with expensive fees.
Once regarded as a sure-fire way for aspiring children (and parents) to get ahead, it is now also viewed as an impediment to one of President Xi Jinping's top priorities: boosting a declining birth rate.
Investors risk having to mark down their portfolio drastically or worse, getting battered in a sell-off.
On Friday, some of the industry's biggest names, including New Oriental Education & Technology Group, TAL Education Group, Gaotu Techedu and Koolearn Technology Holding tumbled after details of the impending clampdown surfaced.
Warburg Pincus, GIC and Temasek representatives declined to comment. Representatives for Sequoia Capital China said they could not immediately comment. DST and Tiger did not respond to e-mailed requests for comment.
It is a stunning reversal of fortune for an industry that once boasted some of the fastest growth rates in the country. The online education sector had been expected to generate 491 billion yuan (S$103 billion) in revenue by 2024.
Those lofty expectations made stock market darlings of TAL and Gaotu, and groomed a generation of giant start-ups like Yuanfudao and Zuoyebang.
The current regulatory assault mirrors a broader campaign that began late last year against the growing heft of Chinese Internet companies from Didi Global to Alibaba Group Holding.
Investors betting on tech names beyond edtech have incurred hundreds of billions of dollars in losses since the start of the year, hammered by a series of regulatory crackdowns that expanded from fintech to encompass ride-hailing, grocery buying and food delivery.
Beijing's desire to assert control over the economy and one of its most valuable resources lies at the heart of those actions.
Companies that operate as Internet platforms have come increasingly under scrutiny because of the reams of data they collect, stirring government concern over issues of privacy and security.
The potential losses in the education sphere alone could be staggering.
Alibaba, Tencent Holdings and ByteDance are among investors that have entered the education arena. Online education platforms attracted about 103 billion yuan of capital last year alone, according to iResearch. The five biggest companies accounted for 80 per cent of the funding raised.
Among privately backed start-ups, Yuanfudao is one of the largest with a valuation of US$17 billion, according to iResearch. Rival Zuoyebang fetched a US$3 billion valuation in 2018. And Huohua Siwei was valued at US$1.5 billion this year, according to a local media report. Collectively, the three have raised US$7 billion from investors, according to Crunchbase.
The regulatory clampdown has thrown a wrench into the initial public offering plans of many high-flying start-ups, dragging down valuations for those that forged ahead with a listing. Zhangmen Education has plunged 46 per cent in New York since it listed.
It is ultimately unclear how the government clampdown will turn out - many believe Beijing will not seek to annihilate an industry that still plays an essential role in grooming its future workforce. For now, many investors may choose to err on the side of caution.
Mr Kerry Goh, chief investment officer at multi-family office Kamet Capital Partners, said he has reduced his positions in edtech companies in recent months "because it's sell and ask questions later when it comes to China".
"But we are looking for opportunities to rebuild positions," he added.
