ON BOARD THE ARC SIMON BOLIVAR, Antartida - Sea ice levels in Antarctica have registered historic lows for three consecutive years, portending grave consequences for life on Earth as we know it.

But looking out over the southernmost continent, scientist Miguel Angel de Pablo laments that humanity seems to be oblivious to the warnings.

“We (scientists) are very worried... because we don’t see how we can solve it ourselves,” the Spanish planetary geologist told AFP on Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Antarctic archipelago.

“The more alerts we send out... to make society aware of what is happening, it seems we are not listened to, that we are (perceived as) alarmist” despite the evidence, he said.

The United States National Snow and Ice Data Centre reported on Feb 28 that minimum Antarctic sea ice extent came in at less than 2 million sq km for a third consecutive February – the height of the southern summer thaw season.

Minimum sea ice cover for all three years were the lowest since records began 46 years ago.

Melting sea ice has no immediate impact on ocean levels, as it forms by freezing salt water already in the ocean.

But the white ice reflects more of the sun’s rays than darker ocean water, and its loss accentuates global warming while exposing the on-land freshwater ice sheet, which could cause a catastrophic sea level rise if it melts.

“Even though we are far from any inhabited part of the planet, in reality what happens in Antarctica affects everything” in the rest of the world, said Dr de Pablo.

‘Not easily undone’

A study in 2023 found that nearly half of Antarctica’s ice shelves – floating sheets attached to the landmass – have also reduced in volume in the past 25 years, releasing trillions of tonnes of meltwater into the oceans.

This has implications not only for sea levels but also for ocean salinity and temperature, said Dr de Pablo.

Some scientists say evidence for climate change impact on sea ice melt in Antarctica – known for significant annual variations in its summer thaws and winter freezes – is less clear than in the Arctic North Pole.

What is not in doubt is that continued global warming caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases will affect these patterns in future.

Dr de Pablo, who has devoted 16 years of his life to studying Antarctic ice, told AFP it may already be too late to stop the trend.

“The problem is that these degradations are not easily undone,” he said.

“Even if today we (changed) the rhythms of life that we have in Western societies, tomorrow the glaciers would not cease to degrade nor the frozen soils to be lost”, with all that entails.

Scientists estimate global temperatures are already 1.2 deg C hotter overall than pre-industrial levels. The 2015 Paris Agreement had set out to limit warming to 1.5 deg C by curbing planet-warming emissions.

“We have to ask ourselves whether the manner in which we live our daily lives is truly worth it because in the end we will lose our planet,” said Dr de Pablo.

“There is no second planet” Earth, he added. AFP