MIAMI • Coffee addicts and aficionados often say drinking the bitter liquid makes life worth living, but the habit may also help them live longer.

Experts cautioned, however, that two reports published in the Annals Of Internal Medicine on Monday failed to show that coffee was truly the reason why many drinkers appeared to have longer lives. Rather, the studies were observational in nature, meaning they showed an association between coffee drinking and a propensity towards longevity, but stopped short of proving cause and effect.

The first study, led by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and Imperial College London, examined more than half a million people across 10 countries in Europe. Those who drank about three cups a day tended to live longer than non-coffee drinkers, noted the researchers, who said it was the largest analysis of the effects of coffee drinking in a European population.

"We found that higher coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of death from any cause, and specifically for circulatory diseases and digestive diseases," said lead author Marc Gunter of the IARC, formerly at Imperial's School of Public Health.

The second study included more than 180,000 participants of various ethnic backgrounds in the United States. It found benefits to longevity, whether the coffee was caffeinated or decaffeinated.

Coffee drinkers had a lower risk of death due to heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and respiratory and kidney disease.

Those who drank one cup a day were 12 per cent less likely to die earlier than those who did not drink coffee. Those who drank two or three cups per day saw an 18 per cent reduced risk of death.

"We cannot say drinking coffee will prolong your life, but we see an association," said lead author Veronica Setiawan, an associate professor at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California.

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE