Germany places far-right AfD party under surveillance for extremism

The AfD has pockets of support in state institutions like the police and the military, raising concerns about far-right infiltration at the heart of democracy. PHOTO: AFP

BERLIN (NYTIMES) - For the first time in its postwar history, Germany has placed its main opposition party under surveillance, one of the most dramatic steps yet by a Western democracy to protect itself from the onslaught of far-right forces that have upset politics from Europe to the United States.

The decision by the domestic intelligence agency will now allow it to tap phones and other communications and monitor the movements of members of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, which not only sits in the Federal Parliament but has become entrenched at all levels of politics in nearly every part of the nation.

It is among the most sweeping efforts yet to deal with the rise of far-right and neo-Nazi political movements within Western democracies, which are attempting more vigorously to constrain, ostracize or even legally prosecute those elements to prevent them from chipping away at the foundations of democratic institutions.

News of the move came on the same day that France banned Generation Identity, a militant youth movement considered dangerous for its slick rebranding of neo-Nazi concepts, and as lawmakers in the European Parliament in Brussels forced the party of Hungary's semi-authoritarian leader Viktor Orban out of the mainstream conservative group.

It also follows the impeachment hearing in Washington of former President Donald Trump over accusations that he incited the violent mob that stormed the Capitol on Jan 6, as well as rising concerns among Democrats and even US law enforcement agencies about links between some Republican Party members and extremist or conspiracy groups like QAnon.

For Germany, the question of how to deal with the far right has particular urgency in an election year that will see Dr Angela Merkel step down after 16 years as chancellor, a tenure in which she became a symbol of a Germany that has learned from its Nazi past and opened itself to refugees seeking shelter from conflict and persecution.

Because of Germany's Nazi history and the fact that Hitler rose by democratic means before swiftly moving to abolish democracy, the country designed its postwar political structures with inbuilt safeguards to protect against the rise of political forces - primarily another Nazi party - that could once again usurp the democracy from the inside.

The domestic intelligence agency, known as the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, is one of them. Its founding mission is to act as an early warning mechanism to protect the Constitution against budding threats.

"We take that mission very seriously," Mr Thomas Haldenwang, the president of the agency, said last year.

"We know from German history that far-right extremism didn't just destroy human lives; it destroyed democracy," he said. "Far-right extremism and far-right terrorism are currently the biggest danger for democracy in Germany."

The Alternative for Germany, known by its German acronym AfD, the first far-right party to make it into Germany's federal Parliament since World War II, has become the most serious test for Germany's postwar institutions yet.

The party won 13 per cent of the vote in 2017, two years after Dr Merkel welcomed over 1 million refugees into the country. During the pandemic, its support has shrunk to around 10 per cent, but in Germany's former Communist East it still scores twice that.

Despite noticeably radicalising in recent years and closing ranks with neo-Nazis in street rallies, the AfD has pockets of support in state institutions like the police and the military, raising concerns about far-right infiltration at the heart of democracy.

Yet, even as the AfD has become more radicalised, the party has established a presence in state and local legislatures across the country.

Increasingly concerned about the party's positions, the domestic intelligence agency has spent two years scrutinising the speeches and social media posts of AfD officials for evidence of extremism.

An assessment amounting to some 1,100 pages concluded that the party's position violated key principles of liberal democracy, not least Article 1 of the German Constitution, which states that human dignity is unassailable, officials said.

A year ago, the intelligence agency announced a first escalation, classifying both the most radical wing of the AfD associated with Mr Bjorn Hocke, the party's most notorious far-right firebrand, and its youth organisation as extremist and said it would place some of its most influential leaders under surveillance.

Since then, this radical wing - despite being formally disbanded - appears to have only extended its influence in the party, officials say. At a recent party convention in December, the radical wing had the support of nearly half the delegates.

The latest decision by the intelligence agency to widen the spotlight to all party members stops short of classifying the AfD as extremist, but it clears the way for the agency to place it under surveillance to determine if it is.

Members of the AfD responded with outrage Wednesday (March 3), vowing to take legal measures and insinuating that the move was politically motivated. Later this month, there are two hard-fought state elections, and in September national ballot will determine a new government.

"The intelligence agency is acting purely politically when it comes to the AfD," Ms Alice Weidel, a prominent party leader, wrote on Twitter. "Given the state and federal elections this year that is particularly remarkable." Another AfD lawmaker, Mr Jurgen Braun, sounded a similar theme.

"You know you're living in Germany," he wrote on Twitter, "when one and a half weeks ahead of two important state elections and a few months before the national election the domestic secret service declares the biggest opposition party to be suspicious."

But elsewhere in the political spectrum, the decision met with widespread support.

"Against the backdrop of our experience in German history I can understand fully that the Office for the Protection of the Constitution has designated the AfD as a suspected case of far-right extremism," tweeted Mr Konstantin von Notz, a Green lawmaker and deputy president of the intelligence oversight committee in parliament. "Our democracy defends itself!"

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