The overall level of Islamophobia in Europe remains high, though it varies across the region. While in parts of Western Europe attacks against Muslims have stopped rising, in Eastern Europe anti-Islamic sentiment is surging despite its minimal Muslim population.
In Germany, the number of attacks against Muslims declined significantly from more than 500 in the first six months of 2017 to 320 in the first six months of last year. But in Eastern Europe, a study published in January by researchers of the University of Leipzig, Germany, notes an "Islamophobia without Muslims".
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