PARIS – Bird flu has been detected in the Antarctica region for the first time, according to British experts, raising concerns the deadly virus could pose a threat to penguins and other local species.

Scientists had been fearing that the worst outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in history would reach Antarctica, a key breeding ground for many birds.

The British Antarctic Survey said its staff took samples from brown skua seabirds after they died on Bird Island in South Georgia, a British overseas territory east of South America’s tip and north of Antarctica’s main landmass.

The tests were sent to Britain and came back positive, the British polar research institute said in a statement on Monday.

The virus was most likely brought by birds returning from their migration to South America, where there has been a huge number of bird flu cases, it added.

Visitors to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are under enhanced biosecurity measures, and scientific fieldwork involving birds there has been stopped, the statement said.

There have been regular bird flu outbreaks since the virus first emerged in 1996.

Since mid-2021, much larger outbreaks started to spread southward to previously untouched areas including South America, leading to mass deaths among wild birds and tens of millions of poultry being culled.

Devastating news

Dr Michelle Wille, a bird flu expert at the University of Melbourne, said the spread of bird flu to the Antarctica region was “devastating news”.

“The situation could change rapidly,” she wrote on X, formerly Twitter.

Professor Ian Brown, virology head at Britain’s Animal and Plant Health Agency, warned last week that there was a risk migrating birds could spread the virus from South America to the Antarctica islands and then onto the main landmass.

This could be a “real concern” for populations of birds such as penguins that are unique to Antarctica, he told journalists.

Birds such as penguins that have never before been exposed to the virus would have no prior immunity, potentially making them more vulnerable.

In better news, the Animal and Plant Health Agency also said last week that preliminary research had confirmed that the populations of two seabirds – northern gannets and shag – had shown immunity to bird flu.

Humans rarely catch bird flu, but when they do, it is usually via direct contact with infected birds.

Earlier in October, a two-year-old girl died from bird flu in Cambodia, the third death recorded in the country in 2023.

The virus has also been detected in a growing number of mammals, raising fears it could mutate into a version that is more transmissible between humans.