The first six months of 2021 have been hectic for Indonesia's defence and maritime security partnerships with major powers around the world. The country signed the first-ever bilateral defence agreement with Japan in March, conducted a joint naval exercise with China in waters off Jakarta in May, and signed a deal in mid-June to buy eight frigates from Italy.
In another development that demonstrates Jakarta's multi-directional outreach to best meet its security needs, Indonesia and the United States held a ground-breaking ceremony on June 25 to establish a maritime training centre in Batam.
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