LOS ANGELES (AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE) - Stephen Hillenburg, the biology teacher turned creative genius behind the wildly successful SpongeBob SquarePants children's animation series, has died, Nickelodeon announced on Tuesday. He was 57.

Hillenburg died on Monday from ALS, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, associates said.

He created the hit Nickelodeon series, launched in 1999, which recounted the adventures of a yellow sponge and his friends in the make-believe city of Bikini Bottom in the depths of the Pacific Ocean.

It turned into a global licensing and merchandising phenomenon, winning awards and being aired in more than 60 languages.

"Steve imbued SpongeBob SquarePants with a unique sense of humour and innocence that has brought joy to generations of kids and families everywhere," Nickelodeon said in its statement .

"His utterly original characters and the world of Bikini Bottom will long stand as a reminder of the value of optimism, friendship and the limitless power of imagination," it added.

Hillenburg was nominated for nine primetime Emmys, the highest award in American television.

The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004) grossed more than US$140 million worldwide, with voiceovers from Scarlett Johansson and Alec Baldwin.

Hillenburg was born at a United States Army post in Lawton, Oklahoma, to a father in the military, who went on to become a draftsman and designer for aerospace companies, and a mother who taught visually impaired students.

The family moved to California and Hillenburg graduated from Humboldt State University in 1984 with a degree in natural resource planning and interpretation, with an emphasis on marine resources.

He began his career as a marine biology teacher at what is today known as the Ocean Institute in Dana Point, California. Even in those days, he used his artistic talent and love of the ocean to write and illustrate stories to help teach his students, creating colourful characters that would later become the denizens of Bikini Bottom.

From 1993 to 1996, he worked as a director and writer on Nickelodeon's Rocko's Modern Life before devoting himself to writing, producing and directing what would turn into SpongeBob SquarePants.

He also wrote, produced and directed the 2004 movie, and wrote and executive-produced the 2015 sequel, The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out Of Water.

Steve, as he was known to family and friends, is survived by his wife Karen, son Clay, mother, brother, a sister-in-law and two nieces.