POMPEII (Italy) •Magnificent thermal baths designed to be the jewel of Pompeii but destroyed by a volcanic eruption before they could be completed, opened to visitors for the first time on Monday after a painstaking excavation.
Marble pillars and blocks lie where they were abandoned when the city was submerged by a pyroclastic flow from Mount Vesuvius in the AD79 disaster.
Excavators also found a victim of the disaster, the skeleton of a child who had sought shelter there in vain.
The architects "were inspired by Emperor Nero's thermal baths in Rome. The rooms here were to be bigger and lighter, with marble pools", the archaeological site's director, Mr Massimo Osanna, told Agence France-Presse.
The Central Baths lie in an area restored under the Great Pompeii Project, launched in 2012 to save the historical site after the collapse of the 2,000-year-old "House of the Gladiators", which sparked outrage worldwide.
"It was an emotionally charged dig," said Ms Alberta Martellone, 43, the archaeologist who led a team of an anthropologist, a geologist and a vulcanologist in studying the skeleton of the child, who died aged between eight and 10.
"He or she was looking for shelter and found death instead," she said.
The excavation "was also moving from an architectural point of view because it is unusual to find a building so large, with such ample rooms, in this densely built-up city. It transmits a sense of grandiosity", she added.
The construction site, with its small skeleton, "is a sign of life interrupted on more than one level", she said.
The city's original public bathhouses were smaller, darker and often overcrowded; the new complex would have provided a more luxurious setting for all those who could afford it - most citizens, but not slaves.
Recent digs at Pompeii have offered up several impressive finds, including an inscription uncovered last year that proves the city near Naples was destroyed after Oct 17, AD79, and not on Aug 24 as thought.
Last month, archaeologists discovered a vivid fresco depicting an armour-clad gladiator standing victorious as his wounded opponent bled, painted in a tavern believed to have housed the fighters as well as prostitutes.
Along with the baths, visitors could from Monday visit a small domus sporting a racy fresco depicting the Roman god Jupiter, disguised as a swan, impregnating the Greek mythological figure of Queen Leda.
Across the cobbled Via del Vesuvio, the striking House of the Golden Cupids reopened after work on its mosaic floors.
While treasure hunters regularly pillaged Pompeii through the centuries looking for jewels or artefacts, whole areas have yet to be explored by modern-day archaeologists.
Each discovery helps historians understand not only what life was like in the ancient city, but also what happened in the dramatic final hours as the skies turned to fire and ash, Mr Osanna said.
The Grand Pompeii Project, which was partly funded by the European Union, winds up at the end of this year, but the Italian government has earmarked €32 million (S$48 million) for the digs to continue.
Violent weather events caused by climate change "are our biggest challenge", said Mr Osanna, whose new book, Pompeii - Time Regained, describes the race to preserve the Unesco World Heritage Site.
"We have 50 people - restorers, archaeologists, architects, engineers - on site permanently, who carry out inspections and intervene where necessary, and that number will rise to 70 next year," he added.
The ruined city in southern Italy is the second most visited tourist site in the country, after the Colosseum in Rome, with just under four million visitors this year.
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
