WASHINGTON (REUTERS) - The US economy barely grew in the first quarter as exports tumbled and businesses accumulated stocks at the slowest pace in nearly a year, but activity already appears to be bouncing back.
Gross Domestic Product expanded at a 0.1 per cent annual rate, the slowest since the fourth quarter of 2012, the Commerce Department said on Wednesday. That was a sharp pullback from the fourth quarter's 2.6 per cent pace. Economists polled by Reuters had expected growth to slow to a 1.2 per cent rate.
The slowdown partly reflected an unusually cold and disruptive winter, marked by declines in sectors ranging from business spending to home building.
The Commerce Department's first snapshot of first-quarter growth was released just hours before the Federal Reserve wraps up a two-day policy meeting.
While harsh weather could partially explain the weakness in growth, the magnitude of the slowdown could complicate the US central bank's message as it is set to announce a further reduction in the amount of money it is pumping into the economy through monthly bond purchases.
The first-quarter slowdown, however, is likely to be temporary and recent data have suggested strength at the tail end of the quarter. Economists estimate severe weather could have chopped off as much as 1.4 percentage points from GDP growth. The government, however, gave no details on the impact of the weather.
After aggressively restocking in the second half of 2013, businesses accumulated US$87.4 billion (S$109.7 billion) worth of inventory in the first quarter, the smallest amount since the second quarter of 2013. That was a moderation from the US$111.7 billion amassed in the fourth quarter that has resulted in manufacturers receiving fewer orders.
Inventories subtracted 0.57 percentage point from GDP growth in the first quarter. Trade also undercut growth, taking off 0.83 percentage point, partly because of the weather, which left goods piling up at ports. Exports fell at a 7.6 per cent rate in the first quarter after growing at a 9.5 per cent pace in the final three months of 2013.
Together, inventories and trade sliced off 1.4 percentage point from GDP growth.
Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of US economic activity, increased at a 3.0 per cent rate, reflecting a spurt in spending on services linked to the Affordable Healthcare Act.
Spending on goods, however, slowed sharply, indicating that frigid temperatures during the winter had reduced foot traffic to shopping malls. Consumer spending had increased at a brisk 3.3 per cent pace in the fourth-quarter. Harsh weather also undercut business spending on equipment.
While investment in non-residential structures, such as gas drilling, rebounded, the increase was minor. Investment in home building contracted for a second straight quarter, in part because of the weather.
But a rise in mortgage rates over the past year has also hurt. A second quarter of contraction in spending on home building suggests a housing recession, which could raise some eyebrows at the US central bank. A bounce back is, however, expected in the April-June period.
