SEOUL • A new elite of uber-rich entrepreneurs is shooting up the wealth rankings in South Korea, overtaking the families behind the country's decades-old sprawling conglomerates known as chaebol.
Mr Brian Kim, the founder of mobile messaging app company Kakao, is the most prominent example, with a fortune of US$12.9 billion (S$17.5 billion). He recently replaced Samsung group heir Jay Y. Lee as the nation's richest person. But other self-made billionaires abound.
There is Mr Chang Byung-gyu, who completed a listing of game developer Krafton just this week, and Mr Bom Kim, a South Korean-born US national who took e-commerce giant Coupang public in the US earlier this year. Mr Seo Jung-jin, the founder of biotech firm Celltrion, is worth about US$10 billion.
The changing of the guard is a sign that South Korea's US$1.6 trillion economy is entering a new era of growth, becoming less reliant on the family-controlled corporations that wield immense power in all aspects of life. Some experts say the new wealthy are more aware of rising inequality and are more willing to give back to society. Others question whether they will be any different from those who built their old empires using cosy links to politicians and bureaucrats.
"It's a positive shift for South Korea," said Professor Kim Kyong-hwan, dean of the graduate school of entrepreneurship at Sungkyunkwan University in Suwon, a city near Seoul. "The new rich offer a silver lining for younger folk by showing how fortunes can be made independently, rather than from inheritance."
For decades, the chaebol have served as pillars of the Asian "miracle economy" that arose from the ashes of the Korean War. Political leaders have relied on conglomerates including Hyundai, Samsung, LG and Hanjin to rebuild the nation, giving them outsize influence. Over the years, some of them shot into the spotlight because of scandals and cases of corruption that made international headlines, sparking backlash from the public and politicians.
That image of South Korea is slowly giving way to one full of booming start-ups. With the pandemic spurring demand in sectors such as e-commerce, entertainment and biotechnology, an investor frenzy is fuelling billions of dollars in fund-raising, initial public offerings and acquisitions. Venture capital investment in the country reached 3.07 trillion won (S$3.6 billion) in the first half of this year, the most on record for the six-month period, government data shows.
Some of the newly minted wealthy are getting into philanthropy. Kakao's Mr Brian Kim and Mr Kim Bong-jin, the founder of food-delivery app Woowa Brothers, have pledged to give away their personal fortunes. That is in contrast to families behind chaebol, who usually are not known to make large personal donations. They are more likely to give to charity via companies they control.
"A major generational shift is taking place in Korea's wealthy population," said managing partner Lim Jung-wook from Seoul-based venture capital firm TBT.
Many chaebol have faced criticism for using questionable means to transfer wealth to their scions and retain control, often riding roughshod over minority shareholders, said Mr Park Ju-gun, the head of corporate research firm Leaders Index in Seoul.
New-economy businesses that implement such practices need to be scrutinised, Mr Park said.
For now, better capital availability and adoption of digital tools driven by the pandemic are fuelling the growth of start-ups.
"There has never been a better time for start-ups to grow and raise funds," said Sungkyunkwan University's Prof Kim. "We'll see more cases of these new billionaires overtaking the traditional rich."
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