KUALA LUMPUR - Malaysia will hold its next general election on Nov 19, the Election Commission announced on Thursday.

The ccommission said candidate nominations will take place on Nov 5, providing for a 14-day campaigning period.

Caretaker Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob announced the dissolution of Parliament on Oct 10 with the consent of the country’s King, Sultan Abdullah Ahmad Shah. A general election must be held within 60 days of Parliament’s dissolution.

Datuk Seri Ismail on Thursday said that the 14-day campaign period announced by the commission was sufficient.

“There were times when the period was even shorter,” he reportedly said after launching an entrepreneurship carnival in Selangor. For the 2018 election, the campaigning period was 11 days.

More than 20 million Malaysians are expected to vote for a new government, following more than two years of political turmoil that led to a snap election.

Concerns had been raised that the polls are being held close to Malaysia’s annual monsoon season, which usually begins in mid-November and brings intense rain and flooding.

All 222 parliamentary seats will be up for grabs during the general election, along with the state legislative seats of Pahang, Perlis and Perak. Another state seat in Sabah – Bugaya – will also face a midterm election on the same day after a by-election there was postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

The Election Commission also revealed that the cost of holding the election will be double that of the last general election.

“This election needs an allocation of RM1.01 billion (S$302 million),” commission chairman Abdul Ghani Salleh told reporters. The 2018 polls cost only an estimated RM500 million.

Early voting for security personnel, such as the army and police, will take place on Nov 15.

Postal voting, which is available to members of the media, election officers, civil security forces, agencies and Malaysians residing abroad, is now open for application. The deadline for applications for Malaysians living abroad is Oct 23, for agencies Oct 26 and for the rest on Nov 2.

A record 10 of Malaysia’s 13 states will not call for simultaneous state legislative elections together with the federal election, reflecting the political instability that has rocked the country since 2020.

The states of Sabah, Sarawak, Melaka and Johor have all held state elections in the past two years, three of which were triggered by party defections.

Another six states led by federal opposition Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Parti Islam SeMalaysia have opted against dissolving their state assemblies ahead of the anticipated flood season.

Malaysia’s eligible voter base has swelled by nearly 50 per cent for the upcoming election, compared with the previous one in 2018. The commission said 21.1 million people are eligible to vote, up from nearly 15 million in 2018.

The commission did not provide a voter turnout target, but many expect it to be lower than the 82 per cent turnout registered in 2018. This is partly due to the fact that the bulk of new voters were added to the electoral roll after the country implemented an automatic voter registration system and lowered its voting age to 18. Voting is not compulsory in Malaysia.

The Johor state assembly election in March this year – the first polls held since the lower voting age and automatic voter registration were implemented – saw a turnout of only 54 per cent.

The general election is set to see a crowded battlefield that may not yield a clear winner. The country’s long-ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) alliance is looking to win enough seats to retain federal power outright after its shock defeat at the 2018 polls.

But this time, it is challenged by two major opposition blocs – PH and Perikatan Nasional. PH chairman Anwar Ibrahim, who was the MP for Port Dickson ward in Negri Sembilan before Parliament was dissolved, will be contesting the parliamentary seat of Tambun in Perak. 

There are also smaller parties that could impact the outcome, such as former premier Mahathir Mohamad’s Gerakan Tanah Air and youth-based party Malaysian United Democratic Alliance.

Meanwhile, political blocs in Sarawak and Sabah – Gabungan Parti Sarawak and Gabungan Rakyat Sabah – are set to play a crucial kingmaker role to help any of the major coalitions form a new federal government. Sarawak has 31 seats and Sabah 25 seats in Malaysia’s 222-seat Parliament.

Malaysia’s politics have been in turmoil since the collapse of the PH administration in 2020, less than two years after it defeated BN at the last polls. The country has seen three prime ministers in three years, and the last two administrations had only a single-digit majority in Parliament. Five Malaysian states have gone through administration changes caused by defections since 2020.