India’s space strategy: Harness data and tiny satellites to capture market beyond SpaceX

BENGALURU – India has a plan to carve out a beachhead in the battle for commercial space, officials say: crunching space data, building small satellites and launching them cheaply into orbit rather than challenging heavyweights such as Space­X head-on.

In particular, it is taking aim at providing cost-effective services and hardware to sectors such as communications, agriculture and commodities, where high-quality data is a precious resource.

At stake is a launch market worth US$14.54 billion (S$19 billion) by 2031, and a related data services market pegged at US$45 billion by 2030.

“The world has gone from satellites the size of a Boeing plane to the size of a laptop,” said Mr A.K. Bhatt, director-general of the Indian Space Association, an industry body.

“This is a sector that India can win, instead of challenging heavy launches where (SpaceX founder) Elon Musk has dominance. The country already has a historical advantage in data mining and interpretation.”

Since February, India has opened its space sector to private players and created a 10 billion rupee (S$155 million) venture fund to support space start-ups. It has also unveiled plans for crewed space exploration and a mission to Venus, but the focus is on developing commercial ventures.

In many ways, it will be an uphill fight. Other countries such as Japan and China have advanced space industries, and designs on cheap launches. Space flight itself is difficult; the start-up landscape globally is littered with failed boosters and satellite designs.

For India, “the tech is there and the ability is there... but space is tricky and very competitive, and while private companies have shown that they can create a niche for themselves, we need more proof of concept,” said Dr Namrata Goswami, a space policy expert at Arizona State University.

She added that the Indian government must be an “anchor customer” for private industry.

Most of the revenue growth is expected to come from so-called downstream data applications, said Dr Pawan Goenka, chairman of IN-SPACe, India’s space regulatory body.

Those involve crunching data from orbit to help improve crop yields on Earth, build more accurate navigation systems, bolster telecommunications, tighten border security and fight climate change, he said.

Indian companies such as Bellatrix Aerospace, Pixxel, Agnikul Cosmos, Dhruva Space and others are already building or have launched small satellites or satellite components.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) – India’s space agency – in September completed the third and final developmental flight for its Small Satellite Launch Vehicle. The design will then be handed to private companies.

“The end uses of Earth observation are vast,” Dr Goenka said. “What we are doing is to address various parts of the puzzle.”

Bengaluru-based SatSure, for example, has been providing real-time satellite data to the Airports Authority of India to enhance air traffic management and safety, helping planes avoid weather hazards.

The project is expected to save 37.5 billion rupees in fuel costs for airlines annually by 2025 and result in a roughly 70 per cent reduction in airport process planning timelines, the authority said.

Earth observation (EO) satellites – orbiting cameras and sensors – can unlock similar savings in other areas, said the company's chief executive Prateep Basu.

“EO is solving problems that span across utilities, navigation, trading, industries, helping save millions of dollars,” he said.

Government push

Since the government opened up the market, companies big and small have jumped in, with legacy information technology firms like Infosys investing in satellite imaging company GalaxEye Space Solutions, Google-backed Pixxel signing contracts with US space agency Nasa, and Baring- and Promus-backed SatSure taking on clients such as HDFC Bank and global seed company Syngenta.

Dhruva Space became one of the first to be handed a permit to operate satellite communication centres on Earth – to date the dominion of Isro.

“India is a software powerhouse and produces some of the best minds in the world in data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence. The space downstream market is, at the end of the day, a software play,” said Mr Aravind Ravichandran, founder of France-based advisory firm Terrawatch Space.

Consultancy Euroconsult forecasts that between 2023 and 2032, about 26,104 small satellites – weighing less than 500kg – will be put in orbit, averaging 1.5 tonnes of daily launch mass. The firm expects the overall small satellite industry to be worth US$110.5 billion in the next decade.

Indian space companies have already seen an influx of funding – US$126 million in 2023, a 7 per cent increase from the US$118 million raised in 2022 and an increase of 235 per cent from the US$37.6 million raised in 2021, according to Tracxn data.

But India has only about 2 per cent of market share in commercial space activities; demand is still largely dependent on global clients, and well-established US, Russian and Chinese companies are formidable rivals.

“To truly make a dent, (Indian) solutions have to scale to the rest of south Asia and then to the rest of the world,” said Pixxel founder and CEO Awais Ahmed. REUTERS