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Will China’s new ethnic unity law hasten the erosion of minority cultures?

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epa12794117 Staff members pour tea for Chinese President Xi Jinping (C) during the opening ceremony of the Fourth Session of the 14th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, 04 March 2026. China's major annual political meetings, known as the 'Lianghui' or 'Two Sessions,' begin on 04 March with the opening of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), while the National People's Congress (NPC) will open on 05 March.  EPA/JESSICA LEE

The new law puts a legal stamp on Chinese President Xi Jinping's (centre) agenda to assimilate minorities into a national identity.

PHOTO: EPA

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  • China passed a law promoting ethnic unity via "interaction, exchange and integration," legally backing policies such as Mandarin education for minorities.
  • Analysts say it culminates Xi Jinping's assimilationist agenda, prioritising a unified Chinese identity over distinct ethnic expressions, leading to concerns about cultural erosion.
  • Experts debate the law's impact; some fear accelerated cultural decline, others see it as formalising existing practices focused on national unity, not cultural protection.

AI generated

China’s passage of a landmark national law on ethnic minority relations puts a legal stamp on President Xi Jinping’s agenda to assimilate minorities into a national identity that has accelerated in recent years.

It gives legal backing to existing practices, such as a requirement for pre-schoolers to learn Mandarin, and for students to be proficient in the language at the end of nine years of compulsory education, at age 15.

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